带电云对大气电场随高度变化特征的影响

大气电场与雷暴活动、气候变化、大气污染、太阳活动密切相关，在特殊地形上探测大气电场的高度分布对于大气电学的相关研究具有重要意义。2020年9月12日，中国科学院鸿鹄专项团队将大气电场仪搭载在探空气球上，在青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州大柴旦地区进行了大气电场高度分布的探测实验。本文分析讨论了此次实验中用到的电场仪、实验过程及实验结果。大气电场曲线中间凸起的部分对应电场仪穿过带电云层，因此将其分为三段并分别进行拟合。探测实验及分析结果表明:在不同高度处大气电场的主要影响因素不同，其分布规律会存在差异。此外，带电云会使大气电场强度整体增大，但云层中大气电场的高度分布仍能较好地符合指数变化规律。 

Influence of Charged Clouds on the Distribution of Atmospheric Electric Field with Altitude

Atmospheric electric field is closely related to the thunderstorm, climate change, air pollution and solar activity. The detection of atmospheric electric field altitude distribution on special terrain is of great significance for the research of atmospheric electricity. On 12 September 2020, the Honghu special team of Chinese Academy of Sciences mounted the atmospheric electric field instrument on the air sounding balloon, and carried out the detection experiment of the high distribution of atmospheric electric field in the Dachaidan area of Haixi Mongolian-Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. This paper has introduced the electric field instrument, experimental process, experimental results and discussion. The convex part in the middle of the atmospheric electric field curve corresponds to the electric field instrument passing through the clouds. The curve was devided into three sections. These three sections were fitted respectifly. The results show that the main influencing factors of the atmospheric electric field at different altitudes are different, and their distribution laws are also different. In addition, charged clouds can make the overall intensity of the atmospheric electric field increased, while the altitude distribution of the atmospheric electric field in the charged cloud layer is still in accordance with the exponential law.