低温风洞应用与发展探讨

简要讨论了低温风洞提高雷诺数的原理。分析了应用低温风洞进行高雷诺数气动试验、飞行器热喷流模拟及高雷诺数／高格拉晓夫数／高温比对流换热模拟试验的原理和特点，从中可以看到应用低温风洞进行这类试验的突出优点及其对发展航空航天科学的重要意义。重点讨论中国发展低温风洞的可行途径，对低温风洞的一些特殊关键技术，如工作温度选择、制冷系统、绝热系统、风洞模型、试验参数测量等进行了详尽探讨。

ON THE APPLICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CRYOGENIC WIND TUNNELS

he reasons why cryogenic wind tunnels (CWT ) may increase Reynolds number are discussed; the principles and characteristics of high Reynolds aerodynamic test, hot jet simulation test for flight vehicles and high Reynolds number/high Grashof number/high temperature ratio convective heat transfer research by cryogenic wind tunnels are analysed. The results show that cryogenic wind tullnelshave many outstanding advantages when those tests are in comparison with conventional methods and have a lot of meaning for aeronautics and astronautics sciences. The available approaches to construct cryogenic wind tunnels in China are suggested. Finally, some important special key technological problems associated with cryogenic wind tunnels such as working temperature choices, refrigeration and control system, insulation system, wind tunnels model and data measurement are discussed in detail.