霍尔推力器能量损失系统性评价方法

霍尔推力器典型效率在50%左右，其余能量在电离、加速、耦合等过程中耗散掉，为了明确推力器优化设计的重点方向，需要定量地研究各个物理过程中损失的能量。因此，本文从能量损失分析的角度入手研究影响霍尔推力器效率的典型物理过程及机理，建立了针对霍尔推力器能量损失的系统性评价方法，为霍尔推力器设计及优化提供理论支撑。从霍尔推力器能量转化过程入手，并以能量的最终作用对象及性质作为分类的标准，建立了新的能量损失体系，认为霍尔推力器损失的能量主要有：径向羽流动能、阳极沉积热能、壁面沉积热能、电离能、阴极耦合损失。针对各项损失能量建立了实验评估方法，实验结果显示，阳极热沉积、壁面热沉积、羽流发散导致的能量损失是制约霍尔推力器效率的主导因素，其占比分别达到5.2%、24.7%、6.1%。实验测得所有输出功率占输入阳极放电功率比例达到102.1%，经不确定度分析，认为是阳极热沉积、电离能、阴极耦合损失的高估导致的，但该方法诊断得到的各项损失相对数量级关系是确定的，利用实验校核了方法的可行性，为霍尔推力器性能以及设计水平的评价提供了新的视角。

Systematic Evaluation Method for Power Loss of Hall Thruster

The typical efficiency of hall thruster is about 50%, and the rest power is dissipated in the process of ionization, acceleration, coupling, etc. In order to determine the key direction of optimal design of thruster, it is necessary to quantitatively study the power loss in each physical process.Therefore, the typical physical processes and mechanisms affecting the efficiency of Hall thrusters from the perspective of power loss analysis were studied in this paper.In addition,a systematic evaluation method for the power loss of Hall thrusters that provides theoretical support for the design and optimization of Hall thrusters was established.A new power loss system of hall thruster was established from a standard of classification that takes the final function objects and properties of power in the process of power conversion when hall thruster is working into account.The main power losses of hall thruster include radial plume kinetic power, thermal power deposited on the anode, thermal power deposited on the ceramic wall,ionization power, cathode coupling power loss and coil heat power loss.The experimental evaluation method was established for each power loss. The experimental results showed that thermal power deposited on the ceramic wall and anode,and plume diverging are the dominant factor caused efficiency loss of Hall thruster, which accounted for 5.2%, 24.7% and 6.1%, respectively.Experimental measured all output power to input total power ratio reached 102.1%, uncertainty analysis considered the over-estimation of anode thermal deposition, ionization energy, cathode coupling loss were the main reason, but the relative magnitude of each power loss is certain, experiment resault checked the feasibility of the method.The experimental evaluation method was established for each power loss , which provides a new perspective for the evaluation of hall thruster performance and design.