微纳米压痕测试技术:发展与应用

近年来，具有高精度、高通量的微纳米压痕测试技术，已被广泛应用于研究微/纳米尺度下材料力学性能演化规律和变形行为中。然而，在航空航天材料试验测试领域，令研究人员更感兴趣的往往是如何更好地揭示材料工程性能，更好地理解材料在服役环境下变形损伤机制。因此，接近材料真实服役环境（如高/低温、电/磁场）下的微纳米压痕测试系统更具应用潜力。首先对传统的微纳米压痕测试技术进行回顾总结，涉及测试系统的组成、经典分析理论方法及其面临的尺度/尺寸效应。然后，简要描述典型磁电弹性材料在力-电-热-磁多场耦合环境下接触力学行为的解析模型，并着重阐述面向材料实际服役环境下的压痕测试技术的典型应用，包括高/低温纳米压痕测试和电/磁场耦合条件下的纳米压痕测试应用。最后，讨论了目前发展所面临的主要问题和挑战，这对微纳米压痕测试技术的进一步发展和先进应用具有重要意义。

Micro- and nanoindentation testing techniques: Development and application

In recent years, micro- and nanoindentation testing techniques, with high precision and high throughput, have been widely used for the research on evolution of mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of materials at micro/nano scales. In the field of aerospace material testing, most researchers are interested in how to better reveal engineering performance and better understand the deformation and damage mechanisms of materials in the service environment. Therefore, the micro- and nanoindentation testing systems, which are close to the real service environment (such as high/low temperature and electric/magnetic field) of the material, have greater application potential. In this review, the conventional micro- and nanoindentation testing methods are summarized firstly, including composition of indentation testing systems, classical analytical theories, and indentation scale/size effects. The analytical models on the contact problem of typical magneto-electro-elastic materials in the multi-field coupling environment are briefly described. Next, some typical applications of indentation testing techniques in the real service environment of materials are highlighted, including high/low temperature nanoindentation testing and nanoindentation testing coupling with electric/magnetic field. Major issues and challenges in current development are also discussed, which are meaningful for further development and advanced use of micro- and nanoindentation testing techniques.