先进战斗机寿命设计与延寿技术发展综述

轻质长寿命一直是飞机结构强度设计所追求的目标，也是一代又一代结构强度工作者所面临的永恒主题。随着国内外航空工业的发展、疲劳设计理论以及现役飞机延寿工程的开展，飞机寿命设计与延寿技术取得了快速发展。本文从20世纪60年代飞机设计中引入疲劳设计开始，以疲劳设计准则的发展为主线，对分散系数的确定、载荷谱编制技术、飞机寿命设计与延寿技术、日历寿命评定、单机寿命监控等技术的形成与发展进行综合论述。有成功的经验，也有失败的教训，从实践中发展出疲劳设计的理论体系、分析方法与规范标准，带来了飞机设计寿命指标的不断提升，保障服役飞机的飞行使用安全。提出耐久性/损伤容限设计思想是目前及未来飞机长寿命设计及延寿的主要设计思想，全尺寸耐久性/损伤容限试验是飞机定寿、延寿最主要的技术途径，结构细节设计、耐久性预防性修理以及单机寿命监控也是确保长寿命设计指标实现和现役飞机延寿成功不可或缺的技术手段。

Overview on development of advanced fighter life design and extension technology

Lightweight and long life have always been the target of structural strength design of aircraft, which is also a timeless theme for generation after generation of structural strength workers. With the development of the aviation industry at home and abroad, ory of fatigue design analysis and the development of the life extension project of the active aircraft, the technology of aircraft life design and life extension has been developed rapidly. Beginning with the introduction of fatigue design in the design of aircraft in the 1960 s, this paper takes the development of fatigue design criterion as the main line, and carries out a comprehensive discussion of formation and development of technology like determination of scatter factor, load spectrum compilation, life design and extension of aircraft, calendar life evaluation, individual aircraft tracking, etc. We have both experience with success and lessons from failure; we also have the theoretical system, analytical method and standard of fatigue design developed from practice which bring about the continuous improvement of life index of aircraft design, and ensure the safety of aircraft in service. The durability/damage tolerance design concept is the main design idea of the aircraft life design and the life extension of the aircraft in service. The full scale durability/damage test is the main technical way for the life extension. Besides, the structural design improvement, the durability preventive repair and individual aircraft tracking are the indispensable technical means to ensure the long life of the aircraft.