低轨卫星对高轨卫星仅测角初轨计算方法

针对我国地面测站对高轨卫星监视能力缺乏的问题,提出一种低轨卫星对高轨卫星仅测角初轨计算方法。该算法引入天基跟踪坐标系,消除测距信息影响,建立仅测角观测方程;引入法向运动,增加摄动因素影响,建立扩展拉普拉斯动力学模型;推导分析观测模型和动力学模型的关系方程,将初轨计算问题转换为非线性方程求解问题,利用高斯全主元消去法完成方程求解。通过实战和仿真测角数据对方法进行检验,结果表明,该方法能利用仅测角数据对非合作目标进行初轨确定,精度在公里量级,可为我国地基监视系统提供补充参考。

A method to calculate bearings-only initial orbit of high orbitsatellite by low orbit satellite

In view of the weak capability of monitoring high orbit satellite from ground stations in China,a method of calculating the initial orbits of high orbit satellite utilizing the low orbit satellite is proposed.The space-based tracking coordinate system was introduced in the proposed algorithm,which could eliminate the influence of the ranging information,and establish the bearings-only observation equation.The normal motion was introduced as well,with the increase of the perturbation factor and the establishment of the extended Laplace dynamic model.The observation model and dynamics model were deduced,the problem of initial orbit determination is transformed into the solution of nonlinear equations,and the Gaussian total principal component elimination method is used to solve the equation.The results show that the method can make the initial orbit determination of the non-cooperative target using bearings-only data,with the accuracy of few kilometers.It can be used as a supplementary observation system for the ground monitoring system in China.