The Ice Survey Opportunity of ISO |
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Authors: | Emmanuel Dartois |
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Institution: | (1) Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Astrochimie Expérimentale, UMR-8617 Université Paris-Sud, batiment 121, F-91405 Orsay, France |
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Abstract: | The instruments on board the Infrared Space Observatory have for the first time allowed a complete low (PHOT, CVF) to medium
resolution (SWS) spectroscopic harvest, from 2.5 to 45 μm, of interstellar dust. Amongst the detected solids present in starless
molecular clouds surrounding recently born stellar and still embedded objects or products of the chemistry in some mass loss
envelopes, the so-called “ice mantles” are of specific interest. They represent an interface between the very refractory carbonaceous
and silicates materials that built the first grains with the rich chemistry taking place in the gas phase. Molecules condense,
react on ices, are subjected to UV and cosmic ray irradiation at low temperatures, participating efficiently to the evolution
toward more complex molecules, being in constant interaction in an ice layer. They also play an important role in the radiative
transfer of molecular clouds and strongly affect the gas phase chemistry. ISO results shed light on many other species than
H2O ice. The detection of these van der Waal's solids is mainly performed in absorption. Each ice feature observed by ISO spectrometer
is an important species, with abundance in the 10−4–10−7 range with respect to H2. Such high abundances represent a substantial reservoir of matter that, once released later on, replenishes the gas phase
and feeds the ladder of molecular complexity. Medium resolution spectroscopy also offers the opportunity to look at individual
line profiles of the ice features, and therefore to progressively reveal the interactions taking place in the mantles.
This article will give a view on selected results to avoid to overlap with the numerous reviews the reader is invited to consult
(e.g. van Dishoeck, in press; Gibb et al., 2004.).
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. |
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Keywords: | ices dust infrared absorption |
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