我国早期原子钟研制历程回顾

“2019全国时间频率学术会议”是由四个专业委员会联合每两年举办一次的20周年纪念会。20年来,我国原子钟事业已有长足发展,成为世界上原子钟研制与开发的大国。但总体上说,我们的工作还是以跟随为主,真正属于自主创新的较少。不改变这种局面,我们还难以成为独立自主的时间频率强国,为国家经济和国防建设作出应有贡献。本文回顾了我国原子钟研发的情况,提到一些从基础研究上属于原始创新的案例。阐述了这些案例是在简陋的实验条件下依靠对原子钟内各类实验现象进行深入的物理分析基础上出现的。同时,也指出了在比较粗糙的工艺条件下实现精细的技术指标中能工巧匠所起的特殊作用。文章也约略提到国内各单位间无私协作的崇高精神。本文将讲述一些故事,并就原子钟产业的问题表示一点看法。中国要实现“强国梦”,阻力和困难还很多很艰巨,我们必须拥有丰富的原始创新来加以克服。为此,坚韧的奋斗钻研精神和传统仍不失借鉴与继承意义。

Discussion on the Definition of Basic Physical Units in Space Metrology

Modern metrology theory are base on truth of “the space is straight and flat in Euclid space”,“Mass of matter obeys conservation law”,and “light line is along straight”.But the General Relativity (GR) theory is shaking the root of modern metrology by “curve of space-time” and “gravitational red shift”.In large scale space out of the earth,in difference gravity potential,and considering the fourth state of matter-plasma,the basic units of physical needs research its define.Frequency measurement is influenced by gravitational red shift,clock speed is different with gravitational change.Navigation satellite adjusts its time unit according to relativistic theory formulae to unify system time measurement.The length unit depends on light speed constant and time measurement,also subject to relativistic effect.Because light line is curved by gravity,the distant unit of light-year which descript large span in space is difficult to define.Voltage unit trace to microwave frequency unit by means of Josephson’s effect,are also affected by relativistic effect.In space plasma,electrons and ions keep themselves temperature,because they have difference average kinetic energy.There are two conditions hide in definition of thermal temperature unit that conditions must be equilibrium and state of disorder or randomness.If weather the definition of dynamic temperature dose only include disorder average kinetic energy,in case of particles streams toward certain direction.The famous formula E=mc² told us that mass of matter is not conservation.Mass of matter could change with its energy.Space metrology is new field of metrology.In large span space out of earth,space metrology will unify physical units,ensure human being to measure accuracy in space.It will become development orient of space metrology theory study that the space physical units are redefined according to modern science principle.