平流层飞艇总体设计的基础问题

平流层飞艇是一种新型的长航时临近空间飞行器，具有驻空高度高、驻空时间长、承载能力大、使用效费比高等特点，在对地观测及通信中继等领域具有广泛应用前景。但是该飞行器系统十分复杂，技术与设计实现难度大，总体设计需要考虑的基础问题及解决方案尚不完全明晰。根据平流层大气风场、温度和压力的基础特征，考虑平流层环境对平流层飞艇总体设计的影响，根据空气动力学与热力学基本理论，分析平流层飞艇的显著特征及与常规低空飞艇的区别，研究这些基础问题对平流层飞艇总体设计的影响，为平流层飞艇技术发展提供建议和参考。 

Basic Problems Research in Stratospheric Airship Design

Stratospheric airship is a new kind of long-endurance near-space vehicle, which has the characteristics of high flight altitude, long endurance time, outstanding carrying capacity and good cost-effectiveness ratio. Because of its unique flight performance, stratospheric airship possesses extremely extensive and important prospects in application, such as the fields of Earth observation and communication relay. However, design and development of stratospheric airship is a difficult task of system engineering because this vehicle system is highly complex, and the basic problems and solutions of its conceptual design are not completely clear. To solve these problems, this paper introduces the basic characteristics of stratospheric wind field, temperature, and pressure, and then combs the influence of stratospheric environment on the preliminary design of stratospheric airship. Also, the differences between stratospheric airship and conventional low-altitude airship are pointed out by summarizing the remarkable characteristics of stratospheric airship from the aspects of aerodynamics and thermodynamics. Finally, the influence of fundamental problems on the conceptual design of stratospheric airship is discussed to provide reference for the development of stratospheric airship technology.