一种基于雷达波束驻留模式的空间碎片轨道参数估计方法

利用窄波束的单脉冲精密跟踪雷达波束驻留模式进行碎片探测是空间碎片环境统计特征描述的一种重要途径。由于该模式观测弧段极短，且无法获取同一目标的多个弧段，因而利用常规定轨方法难以达到理想的效果。在圆轨道假设下，提出了一种利用波束驻留模式获取的单个极短弧计算碎片轨道高度和倾角的方法。首先利用碎片的距离确定其轨道高度；在此基础上，根据推导出的不同波束指向时碎片的距离变化率与轨道倾角的关系，得出其轨道倾角。该方法对于正南、正东指向的雷达波束驻留模式均适用，其中正南指向时还需利用方位角和仰角数据来区分轨道倾角与补角；但不适用于波束指向天顶的情况。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。

A Method for Estimation of Orbital Parameters of Space Debris Based on Radar Beam-park Mode

Debris observation using narrow-beam monopulse tracking radar in beam-park mode is an important means for statistical characterization of space debris environment. Because of short arc visibility, it is not possible to obtain accurate results of orbit determination using ordinary methods. With assumption of a circular orbit, a method for estimation of orbital altitude and inclination of debris using data collected via radar beam-park mode is proposed. Orbital altitude is determined using range measurements. The relationship between the range rate and inclination is de- rived and then is used to estimate the inclination. This method applies to beam-park mode with beam pointed due south and due east, yet azimuth and elevation data are needed to distinguish between the inclination and its supplementary angle when the beam is pointed to due south. The method is not applicable to beam-park mode with beam pointed to the zenith. Simulation results show validity of the method.