上面级直接入轨卫星的上升段温度控制及预示

为满足卫星在上升段持续时间长、外热流复杂、能源紧张等不利因素下的温度控制要求,需采取相应控温策略并进行预示。针对采用上面级"一箭双星"直接发射入轨的北斗三号中轨道导航卫星,进行了上升段期间的热分析并阐述了地面段和上升段的控温策略,通过仿真分析预示双星在上升段的温度变化,结合飞行数据,验证仿真分析的准确性以及控温策略的有效性,并获得星上各区域设备上升段的温度变化特性。结果表明:通过控制发射前整流罩内的初始温度以及采用延时指令开启相应区域固定功率加热器,上升段期间未开机设备均能保持缓慢的温度下降速率,所有星上设备温度均在要求的范围内。采取的控制策略对其他需保持较长时间低温储存状态的高轨航天器,以及深空探测器温控设计提供了一定参考。

Temperature Control and Prediction of Directly Injected Satellites Launched by Upper Stage During Ascent Stage

In order to meet the temperature control requirements of satellites during the ascent stage under the unfavorable factors such as long duration, complicated environmental heat flux, and energy shortage, it is necessary to take measures for temperature control and prediction. In view of the two BeiDou-3 medium-earth-orbit navigation satellites launched directly by the upper stage, a thermal analysis during the ascent stage is carried out, and the temperature control measures during both the ground stage and the ascent stage are designed. The temperature change of the two satellites during the ascent stage is predicted by numerical simulation. Associated with the telemetry data, the correctness of the simulation analysis and the rationality of the temperature control measures are verified, and the temperature changing characteristics of the regional devices of the satellites during the ascent stage are achieved. The results show that, by controlling the initial temperature inside the cowling before launch and switching on certain heaters with specified power appropriately through delayed instructions, the temperatures of all powered-off equipment can maintain a slowly descent speed, and the temperatures of all equipment on the satellites are within the required temperature range. The adopted temperature control measures provide references for the thermal design of other high-earth-orbit satellites and deep-space probers which have a long low-temperature storage period.