大气折射对电视制导导弹定位精度的影响分析

为了提高电视制导导弹的定位精度，有必要研究大气折射效应的影响。基于大气折射率模型，采用高精度的4阶Runge-Kutta光线追迹方法，以定位误差和俯角误差为大气折射效应的评价标准，建立了电视制导导弹大气折射误差模型，并通过探空仪实测大气参数验证了模型的有效性以及精度测试验证了算法的可靠性。基于该模型，仿真分析了不同发射高度和俯角对定位精度的影响规律。研究结果发现：高海拔时，基于三段模型的大气折射误差要小于其他模型；相同高度下导弹发射的视在俯角扩大10倍，由大气折射造成的定位误差和俯角误差将分别缩小1 000倍和10倍；5 km高度、视在俯角为30°时的定位误差已减小到2 m以内。研究结果表明，该方法可以辅助电视制导导弹的设计，对提高其精确打击能力具有重要意义。

Influence analysis of atmospheric refraction on location of television guiding missiles

In order to improve the positioning accuracy of TV guided missiles, the atmospheric refraction effect was studied. Based on atmospheric refractive model, the high-precision fourth-Order Runge-Kutta ray-tracing method was presented to estimate the atmospheric refraction effect. The location error and angle error were proposed as evaluation parameters to establish atmospheric refraction error model of TV guided missiles. The precision test was performed to verify the reliability and accuracy of ray tracing calculations and atmospheric parameters from radiosonde show the validity of model. Simulations were performed based on five models in the altitude range of 0.5-5 km (0.5 km step length) and in the bow angle range of 2°-45°. The results show that the atmospheric refraction error based on the three-segment model is smaller than that of other models at high altitude. At the same altitude, the bow angle increases 10 times, and the location error and angle error decreases approximately 1000 and 10 times respectively. When the bow angle is 30° the location error is less than 2 m. This method can assist the design of TV guided missile and is significant to availably improve accurately fighting capacity.