Survival of dormant organisms after long-term exposure to the space environment |
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| Authors: | N Novikova O Gusev N Polikarpov E Deshevaya M Levinskikh V Alekseev T Okuda M Sugimoto V Sychev А Grigoriev |
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| Institution: | 1. RF SRC—Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 76A Khoroshevskoe shosse, Moscow 123007, Russia;2. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;3. National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Japan;4. Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710, Japan;1. Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 918-3, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan;2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan;3. Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan;4. Osaka University, Machiganeyama, Toyonake, Osaka 560-8531, Japan;5. Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan;6. Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India;7. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China;2. Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, P.R. China;1. Centre for Automation and Robotics UPM-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;2. DTI-NetLab, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale, CH-6982 Manno, Switzerland;3. Advanced Space Systems and Technologies Department, GMV S.A., Isaac Newton (Parq. Tecnológico de Madrid), 11, 28760 TRES CANTOS (MADRID), Spain;1. Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China;2. Environmental Defense Fund, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;3. Qingdao Marine Conservation Society, Qingdao, Shandong, China |
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| Abstract: | The RF SRC—Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, developed Biorisk hardware to study the effects of long-term exposure of dormant forms of various organisms to outer space and used it to complete a series of experiments on the Russian Module (RM) of the International Space Station (ISS).The experiments were performed using prokaryotes (Bacillus bacteria) and eukaryotes (Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium fungi), as well as spores, dormant forms of higher plants, insects, lower crustaceans, and vertebrates. The biological samples were housed in two containers that were exposed to outer space for 13 or 18 months. The results of the 18-month experiment showed that, in spite of harsher temperature than in the first study, most specimens remained viable.These experiments provided evidence that not only bacterial and fungal spores but also dormant forms of organisms that reached higher levels of evolutionary development had the capability to survive a long-term exposure to outer space. This observation suggests that they can be transferred on outer walls of space platforms during interplanetary missions. |
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