载人航天器密封舱微生物防控技术体系框架研究概述

载人航天器密封舱内环境适宜航天员工作和生活,同时也给空间微生物提供了生长繁殖的有利条件。而空间微重力和电磁辐射等环境会加大空间微生物对材料的腐蚀能力。因此,必须对空间微生物防控技术进行体系化研究。文章从空间微生物菌种的采集和鉴定、空间环境下微生物对航天材料的腐蚀机理、载人航天材料抗菌涂层选择以及微生物控制技术等方面对微生物防控体系进行阐述,可以作为开展载人航天器空间微生物防控技术研究的参考。

Layout of the technical system for on-orbit microbe control and protection in manned spacecraft sealed cabin

The on-orbit manned spacecraft provides an optimal habitable environment with suitable temperature, humidity and air composition for crew members, as well as favorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms. Meanwhile, the special space environment including the microgravity and the radiation may aggravate the microbial corrosion capability. Therefore, the control and the protection of the space microbial effects should be systematically studied. The microbial control and protection system contains the following four aspects:the collection and the identification of space microbial strains, the microbial corrosion mechanism of the space materials in space, the choice of antimicrobial coated materials used for the manned spacecraft, and the system microbial protection both in orbit and on the ground. The results can serve as a reference for the study of the microbial control and protection technology for inflight manned spacecraft.