空间站吸声降噪设计的仿真评估与验证

文章针对空间站吸声降噪设计中存在的降噪效果评估问题,以空间站缩比结构为研究对象,利用声学有限元法进行吸声降噪设计仿真评估。首先建立适用于空间站的吸声降噪设计仿真评估模型,然后通过地面噪声试验验证仿真模型的准确性;最后对几种空间站可用的不同性质的吸声材料在缩比结构中的降噪效果进行了定量仿真评估。结果表明塑料泡沫的降噪效果最好,其次是浇注泡沫;浇注泡沫的质量相对较轻。本研究可为预先定量评估空间站吸声降噪设计提供参考。

Simulations for evaluation and verification of acoustic design of space station module

The evaluation of the space station noise reduction design is a necessary step. For a 1/3-scaled space station structure, the noise reduction design of the space station is evaluated by the acoustic FEM method. Based on the characteristics of the space station, a suitable simulation analysis model is established for the acoustic design of the space station. The developed model is verified by the ground noise test on the 1/3-scaled space station structure. Finally, this method is used to evaluate the noise reduction effects of different kinds of acoustic absorbing materials used for the space station. It is shown that the plastic foam has the best noise reduction performance, followed by the cast foam which enjoys a relative small mass density. The methods may be used for evaluating the acoustic design in advance for the manned space station module.