深空探测器被动式高精度多普勒测量方法与应用

针对深空探测器的单程多普勒测量需求，研究了被动式高精度多普勒测量方法及其实现技术。该方法基于探测器测控信标残留载波等点频信号和VLBI测站高精度氢原子钟频标，构造出与实际接收信号频率接近的参考信号；再通过本地相关处理，完成高精度开环多普勒测量。其特色在于完全不需要精确的先验轨道模型。所开发的专用被动式多普勒测量设备，在国内第一次成功用于欧空局环火星探测器“MEX”的多普勒测定轨试验。探测器X频段信号5s积分的单程多普勒测量精度达到 0.2mm/s ，与欧空局测量水平相当。采用该多普勒测量数据的MEX定轨结果与欧空局精密轨道在数百米至千米量级一致。

High Precision Passive Doppler Measurement Method and Its Applications in Deep Space Explorater

In order to solve the one way Doppler measurement in deep space navigation, researches on open loop local correlation technique are carried out. Based on the hydrogen atomic maser at the VLBI station, the reference signal with the frequency close to the received carrier signal or the single point frequency signal is reconstructed. After the local correlation between the reference signal and the received signal, the accurate Doppler frequency observables are got. This method does not need any accurate predicted dynamic orbit. The one way Doppler frequency measurement terminal and a special Doppler frequency extract software are developed. They are successfully used in the orbit determination experiment of the ESA Mars Express probe (MEX). The X band 5s integrated Doppler accuracy is 0.2mm/s, at the same level of ESA result. The consequent orbit determination result is consistent with that of ESA.