典型山体地貌下受山坡坡度影响的低矮房屋风荷载风洞试验研究

通过风洞实验对三种典型山体地貌中低矮房屋的风压分布规律进行了研究，并与无周边时的低矮房屋风压分布状况进行了对比，重点讨论了低矮房屋在0°风向角下，随山坡坡度变化时平均风压系数、体型系数的变化规律，进而分析了低矮房屋在0°~90°风向角下的平均风压系数的变化趋势。结果表明：低矮房屋的风压分布受山体的坡度影响较为明显，其中背风墙面较为显著；随着山坡坡度的增大，屋面的平均风压逐渐由负压变为正压，山坡坡度β=90°时，背风屋面体型系数相对无周边时增大250%；某些部位(迎风墙面中线、背风屋檐、迎风屋檐)等处测点出现绝对值较大的平均风压系数，应在设计时引起注意；测点在不同风向角下的平均风压系数与山体环境有很大关系，在考虑低矮房屋设计时，应取最不利风向角下的风荷载进行计算。

Wind tunnel test on wind load of low-rise buildings in typical mountain landform:analysis of hillside slope effects

The wind pressure distribution of a low-rise building model in three typical mountain terrains alone coastal area are studied by wind tunnel experiment.At the same time, comparison with the wind pressure distribution of low-rise building without surrounding buildings is presented.The study mainly focuses on the variation of average pressure coefficient and shape coefficient with the change of hillside slope under wind attack of 0°,then the trends of average wind pressure coefficients of low-rise building under wind attack of 0°~90°is analyzed.It is founded that the pressure distribution of low-rise building is affected by the slope of the mountain significantly,especially the leeward side;With the hillside slope increases,the average pressure increases gradually from negative to positive,shape coefficient of leeward roof many increase up to 250% compared with low-rise building without surrounding buildings.Some parts, such as windward midline,leeward roof and windward roof,should be paid more attention in the design because of their larger absolute value of the average pressure coefficient.There are some remarkable relationship between mean pressure coefficient under different wind angles and mountain environment.The most unfavorable wind angle of wind load calculations should be taken into consideration of the design for low-rise housing.