微型飞行器的仿生流体力学——昆虫前飞时的气动力和能耗

 用数值模拟方法研究了昆虫前飞时的气动力和需用功率。由N S方程的数值解提供速度场和压力场,从而得到涡量、气动力和力矩 (惯性力矩用解析方法计算 )。基于流场结构,解释了非定常气动力产生的原因;基于气动力和力矩,得到需用功率。悬停飞行中揭示出的 3个非定常高升力机制 (不失速机制,拍动初期的快速加速运动,拍动后期的快速上仰运动 )在前飞时仍然适用 (即使在快速前飞时,V∞ =2～ 2.5m/s,失速涡也不脱落 )。在低速飞行时 (V∞ ≈ 0.5m/s)平衡重量的升力既来自于翅膀的下拍运动也来自于上挥运动,并主要由翅膀的升力贡献;克服身体阻力的推力主要来自于翅膀的上挥运动,由翅膀的阻力贡献。在中等速度下 (V∞ ≈ 1.0m/s),升力主要来自于下拍运动,其中一半由翅膀升力贡献,一半由翅膀阻力贡献;推力主要来自上挥运动,也是一半由翅膀升力贡献,一半由翅膀阻力贡献。在快速飞行时 (V∞ ≈ 2.0m/s),升力主要来自于下拍运动,主要由翅膀阻力贡献;推力来自上挥运动,主要由翅膀升力贡献。悬停时,下拍和上挥做功同样大;前飞时,下拍做功较上挥大得多 :V∞ =0.5,1.0和 2.0m/s时,下拍做的功分别是上挥的 1.6,2.6和 3.5倍。

BIOMIMETIC AERODYNAMICS OF MICRO-AIR VEHICLES --AERODYNAMIC FORCE AND POWER REQUIREMENTS IN FORWARD FLIGHT OF INSECT

High lift mechanisms and power requirements for forward flight in a small insect were studied using the method of computational fluid dynamics. The Navier Stokes equations were solved numerically. The solution provided the flow velocity and pressure fields, from which the vorticity wake structure and the unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments were obtained (the inertial torques due to the acceleration of the wing mass were computed analytically). From the flow structure and force information, insights into the unsteady aerodynamic force generation were gained. Based on the aerodynamic and inertial torques, the mechanical power was obtained and its variation as a function of the flight speed was investigated