卫星交会的自主导航技术

论述卫星交会自主导航的飞行任务背景和概念 ,综述国内外学者正在进行探索研究的思路 ,以期引起国内学者的的注意、探讨和深入研究。     

强约束条件下星座一体化优化设计方法研究

针对星座构形一体化设计时，由于约束条件复杂而导致求解困难的问题，提出了自适应序列约束边界法和约束邻域排斥策略，以进化算法为基础构成了星座构形一体化优化设计方法。应用此方法进行了全球导航星座构形一体化优化设计，设计结果表明该方法能够高效解决综合考虑多种设计因素、具有离散／连续混合变量、无导数信息的星座构形一体化优化设计问题。     

考虑J2项摄动的星座相对运动控制

利用轨道某些要素(偏心率，升交点赤经和倾角)的差别可以构成由一颗中心星和几个环绕星组成的近距离星座。在理想中心引力场下，环绕星运行轨迹在水平面投影可以呈现封闭圆形。在地球引力摄动时，这种空间形状将逐渐发散。为此，本文考虑J2项摄动的影响，设计了对其具有鲁棒性的环绕星相对轨道；进而导出了带有J2项摄动的环绕星相对运动方程，并给出了基于惯性笛卡尔坐标系运动学变量的相对轨道控制方法。分析和仿真结果表明，这种控制方法能够实现星座相对运动的高精度控制。     

平均轨道要素及其在卫星星座设计中的应用

平均轨道要素在卫星轨道设计及星座仿真中具有非常重要的作用。在综合国内外现有研究成果的基础上，给出了一整套简单实用、没有奇点的密切要素与平均要素间的相互转化方法，用此法进行的星座设计及仿真工作表明该方法非常有用。同时给出了利用平均轨道要素得以的关于赤道平面圆轨道的一个有意义的结论。     

基于连续覆盖特性分析的星座设计

研究了需要对地面目标进行连续覆盖的星座的设计问题．首先推导了对覆盖性能有重要影响的星间覆盖间隔时间和轨道面覆盖间隔时间的计算公式，通过算例针对不同配置的星座进行了计算，使用工程仿真软件STK验证了分析结果．通过理论分析、算例计算以及工程仿真为该类型星座设计提供了理论指导。     

圆轨道星座全球覆盖的充分必要条件

对采用圆轨道的星座，目前的研究基本上局限于实际应用方面，很少进行理论方面的研究，本文首次提出并证明了达到全球连续多重覆盖的充要条件。这对进行星座设计具有积极的指导意义。     

An optimal microsatellite system for optical remote sensing data management

Inter-Satellite Link represents an innovative aspect in remote sensing missions, allowing the exchange of data between satellites of a constellation according to appropriate algorithms for the minimization of the delivery time of requested data. In a recent study, the feasibility of gaining a long period of Inter-Satellite Link with an acceptable level of Bit Error Rate has been demonstrated by using a Walker Constellation composed of 20 micro-satellites located on Sun-Synchronous Orbits. In this paper, an investigation into the performance of such a constellation through the implementation of an optimal process of target access and data exchange among satellites has been carried out, together with a sizing of the onboard telecommunication system. A process analysis has been executed through the modelling of weighted fitting functions, specific for an optical remote sensing system.     

Analysis and design of Cubesat constellation for the Mediterranean south costal monitoring against illegal immigration

Costal monitoring is focused on fast response to illegal immigration and illegal ship traffic. Especially, the illegal ship traffic has been present in media since April 2015, as the number of reported deaths of immigrants crossing the Mediterranean significantly increased. Satellite images provide a possibility to at least partially control both types of events. This paper defines the principal criteria to select the best satellite constellation architecture for maritime and coastal monitoring, filling the gaps of imagery techniques in term of real-time control. The primary purpose of a constellation is to obtain global measurement improving the temporal resolution. The small size and low-cost are the main factors, which make CubeSats ideal for use in constellations. We propose a constellation of 9 Cubesats distributed evenly in 3 different planes. This reduces the revisit time enhancing the coverage duration. In addition, it also allows observing fire, damage on building and similar disasters. In this analysis, the performance criteria were reported such as the revisit time, the vision duration and the area coverage.     

Optimization of geosynchronous satellite constellation for independent regional navigation and positioning in Middle East region

Regional Navigation and positioning systems using geosynchronous satellites are emerging for different parts of the world. Optimal constellation geometry achievement for a set of geosynchronous satellites is a key sector in designing of such systems. Genetic algorithm is applied for optimization of constellations with 6 and 7 satellites which is to be used in Middle East region where these systems have been deprived of. Based on the fact that the coverage criterion is not sufficient enough to guarantee a good navigation service, positioning process by the satellite systems is discussed and the performance of the system on the basis of position dilution of precision is collected as the fitness criterion. Placing the satellites in groups to pass over the same ground track is applied as a constraint to the genetic algorithm. By simulation, performance of the best obtained results and GPS are compared in terms of position dilution of precision, visibility and the required epochs (time span) to resolve the ambiguities with a 99% success rate, in this region. Also, capability of the GA for such problems is demonstrated.     

Piloted operations at a near-Earth object (NEO)

In late 2006, NASA's Constellation Program sponsored a study to examine the feasibility of sending a piloted Orion spacecraft to a near-Earth object. NEOs are asteroids or comets that have perihelion distances less than or equal to 1.3 astronomical units, and can have orbits that cross that of the Earth. Therefore, the most suitable targets for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) are those NEOs in heliocentric orbits similar to Earth's (i.e. low inclination and low eccentricity). One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure of the United States Space Exploration Policy and is highly complementary to NASA's planned lunar sortie and outpost missions circa 2020. A human expedition to a NEO would not only underline the broad utility of the Orion CEV and Ares launch systems, but would also be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth–Moon system. These deep space operations will present unique challenges not present in lunar missions for the onboard crew, spacecraft systems, and mission control team. Executing several piloted NEO missions will enable NASA to gain crucial deep space operational experience, which will be necessary prerequisites for the eventual human missions to Mars.Our NEO team will present and discuss the following:

• new mission trajectories and concepts;

• operational command and control considerations;

• expected science, operational, resource utilization, and impact mitigation returns; and

• continued exploration momentum and future Mars exploration benefits.