Flight Flutter Modal Parameters Identification with Atmospheric Turbulence Excitation Based on Wavelet Transformation

针对基于大气紊流激励的飞机颤振试验数据具有信噪比低以及测量数据以加速度响应形式给出等特点,将小波变换与随机减量法相结合对飞机颤振模态参数进行识别,首先利用随机减量法获得结构在非零初始加速度条件下的自由衰减响应,然后对该自由衰减响应进行Morlet连续小波变换,为使变换简单,本文采用了Parseval定理和留数定理,利用Morlet的带通滤波特性,通过搜索小波变换系数在不同的尺度区域内的极大值,再根据小波变换系数的极大值、相角与固有振动频率及阻尼系数间的关系,即可识别出各模态参数。并对利用小波变换识别颤振模态参数时,实现模态解耦应满足的条件进行了分析研究。通过仿真和飞机颤振试验数据分析,验证了该识别方法不仅简单、有效和可行,而且具有较强的抗噪性。     

Robust fault-tolerant control for wing flutter under actuator failure

Many control laws, such as optimal controller and classical controller, have seen their applications to suppressing the aeroelastic vibrations of the aeroelastic system. However, those control laws may not work effectively if the aeroelastic system involves actuator faults. In the current study for wing flutter of reentry vehicle, the effect of actuator faults on wing flutter system is rarely considered and few of the fault-tolerant control problems are taken into account. In this paper, we use the radial basis function neural network and the finite-time H_∞ adaptive fault-tolerant control technique to deal with the flutter problem of wings, which is affected by actuator faults, actuator saturation, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The theory of this article includes the modeling of wing flutter and fault-tolerant controller design. The stability of the finite-time adaptive fault-tolerant controller is theoretically proved. Simulation results indicate that the designed fault-tolerant flutter controller can effectively deal with the faults in the flutter system and can promptly suppress the wing flutter as well.     

压气机转子叶片的抑颤设计(“两机”专刊)

以一高压压气机转子叶片为对象开展了叶片抑颤工程设计方法研究,采用基于相位延迟边界条件的能量法和特征值法对原转子叶片模型的气动弹性稳定性进行评估,通过分析近失速工况下的非定常气动功密度分布,对叶片安装角沿径向分布、弦长和叶尖间隙等设计参数进行调整,以明确各参数对气动弹性稳定性的影响,最终达到提高气动阻尼的目的。研究结果表明：叶尖间隙对气动阻尼的影响较大,安装角次之,弦长影响相对较小。叶片气动阻尼随叶尖间隙的变化并非单调,而是存在一个叶尖间隙使其气动阻尼最小,即叶片气动弹性稳定性最差。减小进口气流攻角和增加折合频率,能够提高气动阻尼,设计中可以通过调节安装角来减小气流攻角,增加弦长来增大折合频率。     

进口导流叶片对转子叶片颤振特性的影响

上游静子叶片的尾迹扰动是下游转子叶片发生强迫响应问题的主要原因,但通常认为不会对颤振特性产生影响。运用CFD技术求解非定常流场,用能量法对典型涡轮风扇NASA Rotor 67进行了气动弹性分析。结果表明:不加进口导流叶片时其叶片最有可能在第二阶模态、60°叶间振动相角的情况下发生颤振;加上IGV(进口导流叶片)后,IGV的尾迹会显著改变转子叶片的颤振特性,当转子叶片的最危险颤振模态频率接近IGV尾迹的扰动频率时,即使单独转子叶片十分稳定,但在尾迹的激励下颤振仍然可能发生;当该频率远离IGV尾迹扰动频率时,尾迹扰动同样会使转子叶片气动阻尼降低。该结果意味着尽管IGV的引入不会明显改变压气机性能,但有可能会对其颤振特性带来明显的负面影响,需要在涡轮机设计中予以考虑。     

叶轮机械颤振稳定性的工程预测方法

通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程并采用影响系数法,对三个基本正交模态的三维振荡涡轮叶片绕流问题进行了研究。结果表明数值模拟所得非定常气动力与实验吻合较好;基于刚体运动假设和模态叠加法,得到了可用于叶轮机械设计阶段颤振稳定性评估的稳定性参数图/气动阻尼图,即所有可能的刚体运动及其相应气动阻尼的关系图;通过对稳定性参数图/气动阻尼图的分析表明,在一定情况下振型对颤振稳定性有重要影响,应将其作为颤振稳定性设计的重要参数之一。     

跨音弯掠风扇转子叶片的气动弹性剪裁

跨音风扇进口级增压比的进一步提高,主要受两方面的制约,一是效率,二是气动弹性失稳。这两个因素与转子流场中的激波和激波诱导的大尺度分离紧密相关。激波结构又和转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状直接联系。因此,如何精心设计转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状来控制激波结构,就成了当代风扇气动力学的前沿,并导致风扇弯掠空气动力学概念的出现。在具体设计中,此问题可称之为气动与气动弹性综合剪裁。本文简述综合剪裁中的一个组成部分,即气动弹性剪裁问题,并对一个单级风扇转子叶片给出实例。     

低速颤振模型的动力学特性设计

飞机在打样设计阶段除了需要满足结构强度和刚度要求外 ,还必须满足颤振稳定性要求。根据相似理论 ,并利用结构优化设计方法 ,对某机翼低速颤振吹风模型的动力特性 (模型的一阶弯曲、一阶扭转和二阶弯曲频率 )进行了设计。此方法改变了仅凭经验反复试凑的设计调参方法 ,提高了模型设计的效率 ,缩短了设计周期 ,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Identification of reduced-order model for an aeroelastic system from flutter test data

Recently, flutter active control using linear parameter varying (LPV) framework has attracted a lot of attention. LPV control synthesis usually generates controllers that are at least of the same order as the aeroelastic models. Therefore, the reduced-order model is required by syn-thesis for avoidance of large computation cost and high-order controller. This paper proposes a new procedure for generation of accurate reduced-order linear time-invariant (LTI) models by using sys-tem identification from flutter testing data. The proposed approach is in two steps. The well-known poly-reference least squares complex frequency (p-LSCF) algorithm is firstly employed for modal parameter identification from frequency response measurement. After parameter identification, the dominant physical modes are determined by clear stabilization diagrams and clustering tech-nique. In the second step, with prior knowledge of physical poles, the improved frequency-domain maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is presented for building accurate reduced-order model. Before ML estimation, an improved subspace identification considering the poles constraint is also proposed for initializing the iterative procedure. Finally, the performance of the proposed procedure is validated by real flight flutter test data.     

Recent advance in nonlinear aeroelastic analysis and control of the aircraft

A review on the recent advance in nonlinear aeroelasticity of the aircraft is presented in this paper. The nonlinear aeroelastic problems are divided into three types based on different research objects, namely the two dimensional airfoil, the wing, and the full aircraft. Different non- linearities encountered in aeroelastic systems are discussed firstly, where the emphases is placed on new nonlinear model to describe tested nonlinear relationship. Research techniques, especially new theoretical methods and aeroelastic flutter control methods are investigated in detail. The route to chaos and the cause of chaotic motion of two-dimensional aeroelastic system are summarized. Var- ious structural modeling methods for the high-aspect-ratio wing with geometric nonlinearity are dis- cussed. Accordingly, aerodynamic modeling approaches have been developed for the aeroelastic modeling of nonlinear high-aspect-ratio wings. Nonlinear aeroelasticity about high-altitude long- endurance （HALE） and fight aircrafts are studied separately. Finally, conclusions and the chal- lenges of the development in nonlinear aeroelasticity are concluded. Nonlinear aeroelastic problems of morphing wing, energy harvesting, and flapping aircrafts are proposed as new directions in the future.     

机翼高超音速热颤振有限元分析

基于热气动弹性的特点,给出考虑温度影响的机翼热颤振有限元分析的一般理论。采用Nastran软件对给定的温度分布热效应下两个典型的高超音速机翼的模态特性和气动弹性稳定性进行有限元分析。计算结果表明,受热结构的模态特性和颤振特性均发生变化。由于温度效应降低弯曲、扭转及弯扭固有频率,还会改变它们之间的相对关系,从而导致颤振临...