Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

基于子结构法的大型结构数值敏度计算技术

针对大型结构直接精确敏度分析方法解方程规模大、求解时间长的问题,发展一套基于有限元子结构法的处理技术。大型结构中,数值敏度计算的伪载荷仅与涉及设计变量的结构单元有关,因此存在大量零元的可能性。根据此特点通过节点重排将与设计变量有关的节点位移排到总位移列阵序的后面,按重排后的顺序投放刚度矩阵,然后对其进行区域分块,并聚缩得到规模较小的矩阵。算例计算表明:利用此矩阵求解结构位移场的导数,不但保持了精确法的精度,而且在优化设计的敏度计算中,这些较小规模的数据又被多次使用,从而显著提高计算效率。     

涡扇发动机滑模参数限制调节器设计与仿真

以涡扇发动机参数限制保护为目标设计了一种滑模(SM)调节器.采用区域极点配置的混合范数综合法设计了滑模调节器的反馈增益系数；根据全局渐近稳定性判据验证了本滑模控制仿真的稳定性；基于滑模调节器在仿真环境中进行了控制系统的建模，对不同的滑模可调参数切换增益进行了比对分析，并选取了某一组切换增益值作为后续仿真的基准参数；仿真对比分析了滑模调节器和线性调节器的调节效果.结果表明:基于滑模控制方法所设计滑模参数限制调节器在发动机过渡态过程中对发动机进行主控，克服了线性参数限制调节器在过渡态过程几乎无法实施控制的缺点； 该设计的滑模参数限制调节器能在7s内实现发动机过渡态的参数限制保护功能.