单喷嘴燃烧流场仿真研究

运用CFD技术,采用涡扩散（EDC,eddy dissipation concept）模型对某发动机单喷嘴燃烧的稳态燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,得到了燃烧室内的压力、速度、温度及燃气组分等参数的分布情况,并对其混合程度进行了评估。结构改进前后的计算结果对比表明,适当增加中心喷嘴的壁厚和缩进长度有利于燃烧室火焰的附着和提高燃烧室流场的均匀程度。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

RBCC和TBCC组合发动机在RLV上的应用

论述了吸气式组合发动机在新一代可重复使用运载器上的使用现状,分析了各种组合方案的优势和特点,着重介绍了RBCC、TBCC的应用对飞行器总体性能的影响,并提出了两种较优的飞行器组合结构方案。     

亚燃燃烧室两相反应流场的燃烧模型

简要介绍6种可用于亚燃冲压发动机燃烧室计算模型的原理、特点及发展状况;选用两个有代表性的涡耗散概念模型与局部化学平衡模型的计算结果进行分析对比。定量结果显示,基于动力学反应机制的涡耗散概念模型对燃烧室流场的整体描述较好,基于快速反应的局部化学平衡模型会出现燃烧室火焰面前移现象,对于稳定器后方的流场计算结果,二者是一致的。由于考虑的组分较少,涡耗散概念模型计算的温度峰值要高于化学平衡模型的计算结果。两个模型计算的燃烧室室压、喷管出口总温等总体参数均与试验值接近。     

详细反应机理的航空发动机二维燃烧流场计算

对某航空发动机主燃烧室简化模型进行了基于正庚烷(n-C₇H₁₆)详细反应机理的燃烧流场数值模拟.在二维贴体坐标系下,计算过程采用了k-ε双方程模型来预估湍流特性,用EDC(eddy dissipation con-cept)湍流燃烧模型预估反应速率,用PSR(perfectly stirred reactor)模型的方法处理复杂化学反应项,得出了基于详细反应机理的温度场、组分浓度场,验证了机理文件中反应的某些组分与特定自由基之间的关系,对比了总包反应EBU-SRK(eddy break up-simplified reaction kinetics)的温度场,结果基本相符.