Relativistic MHD Simulations of Jets with Toroidal Magnetic Fields

This paper presents an application of the recent relativistic HLLC approximate Riemann solver by Mignone & Bodo to magnetized flows with vanishing normal component of the magnetic field. The numerical scheme is validated in two dimensions by investigating the propagation of axisymmetric jets with toroidal magnetic fields. The selected jet models show that the HLLC solver yields sharper resolution of contact and shear waves and better convergence properties over the traditional HLL approach.     

The double-pulsar binary J0737–3039

A recent multibeam pulsar survey of the outer Galactic plane at Parkes has discovered the first-known double-pulsar binary, a very compact double neutron star system in which both stars are observable as radio pulsars. In this review, we briefly describe the discovery and the studies which have been enabled by the unique properties of the system. These range from the most precise confirmation yet of the theory of general relativity, with the possibility of even more new tests and the measurement of second-order post-Newtonian effects, to studies of the magnetospheres and emission properties of the two pulsars. The discovery also results in a significant increase in the expected rate of occurrence of the mergers of double neutron star systems, and hence the rate of detection of such events by the new ground-based gravitational wave detectors.     

壁压法用于高速风洞洞壁干扰修正

本文介绍用壁压信息法对高速风洞模型试验进行洞壁干扰修正的方法。这种方法使用风洞壁附近壁压分布测量数据和模型受力数据进行洞壁干扰修正计算,不涉及风洞壁的通气特性,可用于各种通气壁或实壁高速风洞。用本法计算了各种模型在多种风洞试验段(实壁、柔壁、孔壁、缝壁)中的数百种试验状态。试验马赫数范围是0.5到0.9,试验雷诺数范围是2×10~6～1×10~7。计算结果和国外最新修正方法及无洞壁干扰N-S方程计算结果进行了比较,证实了本文方法的正确性和实用性。     

运动的核弹比静止的核弹威力小?——多普勒效应、红移、光行差和动体的质能当量关系

证明爱因斯坦立足于光速不变假设和长度收缩假设的洛伦茨变换未能正确地解释多普勒效应、红移和光行差现象;他也未能给出正确的动体的质能当量关系.作者立足于完全符合相对性原理的伽利略变换,成功地解决了上述问题.     

同时性问题研究(一)

本文对狭义相对论同时性的相对性观点进行了分析，并提出狭义相对论在同时性的相对性问题的分析上有逻辑上的错误。关于同时性问题，文中提出了一个不同于相对论的观点，并与相对论的观点进行了比较。自1887年沃依格特（Voigt）给出了洛伦兹变换式，该变换式在近代物理学上起着重要作用，相对论在数学上就是以该变换式为基础的。但是，100多年来还无人对它作出物理解释，本文对洛伦兹变换式作出了明确的物理解释，并得出了在同一惯性参考系内，与一个事件相联系的静止点与运动点之间以洛伦兹变换式相联系的重要结论。它与相对论将洛伦兹变换作为两个作相对运动的惯性坐标系间事件的坐标变换式有重大区别。     

实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气腐蚀的相关性

在Г.М.古尼耶夫中值老化公式的基础上,采用回归分析方法对碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料的实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气腐蚀之间的相关性进行研究,确定了自然大气环境腐蚀试验的层间剪切强度的中值曲线方程,并得出实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气环境腐蚀之间的当量关系.试样表面及断口微观形貌的观察分析进一步证明:实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气环境腐蚀具有相似的腐蚀机理.     

General Relativity Accuracy Test (GReAT): New configuration for the differential accelerometer

We presents the results of an activity concerning the test of the Einstein Weak Equivalence Principle with an accuracy of about 5 × 10⁻¹⁵. The experiment will be performed in an “Einstein elevator” using a differential accelerometer with a final sensitivity of about 10⁻¹⁴ g_⊕/Hz^1/2. The differential accelerometer is spun about an horizontal axis at a frequency in the range 0.5–1 Hz in order to modulate, during the free fall, the signal from a possible violation of the Equivalence Principle. In the paper the perturbing effects with the same signature of the possible violation are analyzed and constrained. The experimental results obtained in the laboratory with a first prototype of the differential accelerometer are discussed, comparing this results with those obtained using a new prototype.     

LARES successfully launched in orbit: Satellite and mission description

On February 13th 2012, the LARES satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) was launched into orbit with the qualification flight of the new VEGA launcher of the European Space Agency (ESA). The payload was released very accurately in the nominal orbit. The name LARES means LAser RElativity Satellite and summarises the objective of the mission and some characteristics of the satellite. It is, in fact, a mission designed to test Einstein's General Relativity Theory (specifically ‘frame-dragging' and Lense-Thirring effect). The satellite is passive and covered with optical retroreflectors that send back laser pulses to the emitting ground station. This allows accurate positioning of the satellite, which is important for measuring the very small deviations from Galilei–Newton's laws. In 2008, ASI selected the prime industrial contractor for the LARES system with a heavy involvement of the universities in all phases of the programme, from the design to the construction and testing of the satellite and separation system. The data exploitation phase started immediately after the launch under a new contract between ASI and those universities. Tracking of the satellite is provided by the International Laser Ranging Service. Due to its particular design, LARES is the orbiting object with the highest known mean density in the solar system. In this paper, it is shown that this peculiarity makes it the best proof particle ever manufactured. Design aspects, mission objectives and preliminary data analysis will be also presented.     

综合考虑随机结构系统静强度和疲劳的失效机理与可靠性分析

根据疲劳载荷造成的随机裂纹对结构极限应力和截面模量的影响,给出了结构构件在裂纹扩展下的构件剩余抗力的表达形式,分析了结构系统中每一个单元在静载和疲劳载荷作用下的失效形式,并考虑了各失效模式之间的相关性对该单元可靠性的影响。具体分析了结构系统在静载和疲劳载荷作用下的失效机理以及各失效模式之间的相关性,给出了在静载和疲劳载荷作用下结构系统的可靠性分析方法。结合数值算例对结构系统同时进行了静强度和疲劳的可靠性分析,表明在不同的使用年限内,静载和疲劳载荷对结构系统可靠性的影响是不同的;在结构系统主要失效路径中既有单元静强度失效又有疲劳失效,这是符合结构系统使用真实情况的。