航材保障经费的优化配置研究

航材保障的主要工作包括航材筹措、储备、供应和管理,这些工作均需要经费支撑,数百万项航材占用大量的资金.如何充分利用和优化配置好航材保障经费,对提高航材保障良好率和飞机完好率至关重要.以航材保障经费为资源,以航材系统整体保障效益的提高和飞机维修器材费用的优化配置为目标,建立了航材保障经费优化配置模型,应用边际分析法推导出模型公式,利用数值计算法获得使航材保障效益最佳的经费优化配置方案,使有限的航材保障经费充分利用,发挥其最大的保障效能.     

对国外机场起降费征收模式的经济学分析

介绍了国外机场起降费的3种主要征收模式.利用边际成本定价模式确定飞机所需交纳的起降费从经济学角度来说是富于效率的,并且相关的原则也为越来越多的机场所采纳.指出在中国航空运输业迅速发展的背景下,边际成本定价模式可以为改革现有机场起降时段分配机制提供一种指导思路.     

动态保障结构下多级多层备件配置优化建模

针对作战编队执行长时间、远距离任务期间,编队后方保障站点变更的情况,结合部队维修保障的特点,基于可修复备件多级管理(METRIC)理论,通过计算编队剩余备件分布规律,建立了动态保障体系结构下基于时变可用度的三级两层备件保障模型。以备件储存空间为约束,可用度为目标,建立了分阶段边际优化模型。列举实例,采用分阶段边际算法对备件方案进行优化,对比分析了动态保障结构下和固定保障结构下装备可用度随时间的变化,并采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法对案例进行实验验证。案例结果表明:采取多个后方站点的保障方式能有效提高装备可用度;案例仿真实验结果与解析结果误差在4%以内。模型可为保障决策者制定备件方案提供辅助决策工具。     

Distribution of chlorophyll and harmful algal blooms (HABs): A review on space based studies in the coastal environments of Chinese marginal seas

Monitoring of spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll (Chl-a) concentrations in the aquatic milieu is always challenging and often interesting. However, the recent advancements in satellite digital data play a significant role in providing outstanding results for the marine environmental investigations. The present paper is aimed to review ‘remote sensing research in Chinese seas’ within the period of 24 years from 1978 to 2002. Owing to generalized distributional pattern, the Chl-a concentrations are recognized high towards northern Chinese seas than the southern. Moreover, the coastal waters, estuaries, and upwelling zones always exhibit relatively high Chl-a concentrations compared with offshore waters. On the basis of marine Chl-a estimates obtained from satellite and other field measured environmental parameters, we have further discussed on the applications of satellite remote sensing in the fields of harmful algal blooms (HABs), primary production and physical oceanographic currents of the regional seas. Concerned with studies of HABs, satellite remote sensing proved more advantageous than any other conventional methods for large-scale applications. Probably, it may be the only source of authentic information responsible for the evaluation of new research methodologies to detect HABs. At present, studies using remote sensing methods are mostly confined to observe algal bloom occurrences, hence, it is essential to coordinate the mechanism of marine ecological and oceanographic dynamic processes of HABs using satellite remote sensing data with in situ measurements of marine environmental parameters. The satellite remote sensing on marine environment and HABs is believed to have a great improvement with popular application of technology.     

航线收益管理的边际分析方法

 本文首先综述了航线运输收益管理中两票价等级的最优运营方法的历史与现状,指出了各个经典公式的限制条件和公式推导的不严密性。然后,利用边际分析方法详细推导了一个新的最优座位安排的通用公式,对该领域的传统公式作了重要更正。最后,通过实例分析、计算并与传统公式相比,表明新公式在理论上较为完善,在工程上也实用、简便。     

k/N（G）结构系统初始备件配置方法

针对现有备件冗余度建模中无限呼叫总体假设不合理、供应可用度计算困难的问题,提出一种k/N（G）结构系统初始备件配置方法。首先,采用有限源排队论获取备件短缺数概率分布。然后,给出计算k/N（G）结构系统供应可用度的方案,并证明了方案的正确性。该方案在计算随机挑选的一套系统未因备件短缺而停机的概率基础上,利用k（或更多）套系统良好的二项分布概率估计系统供应可用度。最后,应用边际分析算法确定各项备件的数量。实例分析表明：该方法能优化k/N（G）结构系统各组成部件的库存数量,且与单项法相比具有明显的优势,能以较少的备件费用达到相同的供应可用度目标。     

任意寿命分布的多部件系统备件配置优化算法

针对部件服从任意寿命分布的多部件系统,提出了基于蒙特卡罗仿真-边际效益分析的备件配置优化算法,采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法计算备件供应效能值,在此基础上引入边际效益分析法确定备件的优化配置.算例中以供应延误时间为供应效能目标值,以费用为约束条件,得到了由若干指数寿命件、正态寿命件和威布尔寿命件组成的多部件系统的备件优化配置清单,并对算法进行了比较验证,结果表明该算法对于解决复杂系统的备件优化配置问题具有良好的适用性.      

具优先权下航线收益管理问题的边际分析方法

采用边际分析方法,研究、分析了这样一类航线收益管理问题:两票价等级座位数的最优划分,低等级座位的机票具有优先权。并得出在相应条件下的航运旅客总收入函数,在此基础上,推导出了一个以部分条,牛期望值和逆向累积概率分布作为表达式的最优划分公式,并与传统公式及文献[1]所得结果进行了比较分析。证实了新公式的有效性。     

运输决策模型对中枢航线网效益的影响

介绍了旅客／货主运输决策模型，并根据有关方法做出旅客／货主运输决策模型。然后通过将运输决策模型应用于中枢航线网络的USAPHMP模型，得到旅客／货主运输决策对中枢航线网络效益的影响因素。列举了中国民航某航空公司的实例。     

The Marginal Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter for Mixed Linear/Nonlinear State Space Models

In this paper, the marginal Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （MRBPF）, which fuses the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （RBPF） algorithm and the marginal particle filter （MPF） algorithm, is presented. The state space is divided into linear and non-linear parts, which can be estimated separately by the MPF and the optional Kalman filter. Through simulation in the terrain aided navigation （TAN） domain, it is demonstrated that, compared with the RBPF, the root mean square errors （RMSE） and the error variance of the nonlinear state estimations by the proposed MRBPF are respectively reduced by 29% and 96%, while the unique particle count is increased by 80%. It is also found that the MRBPF has better convergence properties, and analysis has shown that the existing RBPF is nothing more than a special case of the MRBPF.