改进的单级风扇单音噪声解析预测模型

针对单级轴流风扇单音噪声的声模态与声功率(PWL)预测,基于早期的二维叶栅噪声解析预测模型,开发了改进的三维单级风扇噪声解析预测模型。主要目的是可以通过该预测方法快速、准确地给出声场信息以优化风扇设计方案。该模型由模拟转子粘性尾迹,求解静子表面非定常载荷以及模拟管道噪声传播三个部分组成,并采用单级轴流风扇噪声试验数据对该解析预测模型的结果进行了验证。与试验数据相比较,该解析预测模型1BPF单音噪声预测结果误差1.5dB,2BPF单音噪声预测结果误差5dB,同时给出了合理的周向与径向模态声场模拟结果。与传统的叶轮机噪声解析预测模型相比,该方法不仅考虑了三维几何,还可以模拟出管道内的声场结构,计算方法更为合理,噪声预测结果也更为可靠,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

Aeroelastic simulation of the first 1.5-stage aeroengine fan at rotating stall

A massive parallel aeroelastic simulation platform has been built to investigate the first 1.5-stage fan of an aeroengine at rotating stall. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver and Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) solver are coupled directly by non-matching mesh interfaces. The unsteady rotor/stator interaction is solved by the Sliding Mesh Interface method. The original rotor blades are shrouded by the midspan shrouds. An unshrouded fan is also created to investigate the effects of the midspan shrouds. Both the shrouded fan and unshrouded fan have stable aeroelasticity at the designed state. At rotating stall, the stalled region rotates at 30% of the rotor speed on the absolute reference frame. The energy spectrum of the rotating stalled flow is measured quantitatively. It shows that the first two order excitations are much stronger than the higher order excitations. In the flow of rotating stall, the fifth backward travelling wave mode of shrouded fan is resonated by the fifth excitation of the rotational stalled flow because the rotational speed of the stalled region coincides with the modal rotational speed, while for the unshrouded fan, the first bending mode is resonated by the second excitation of the rotational stalled flow, forming two waves in the circumference of the annulus blades. At rotating stall, the vibration of the shrouded blades is still under control but the vibration of the unshrouded blades is diverged and out of control. A novel tool, i.e., resonance map, is proposed to predict the resonance. It provides a perspective to explain the effects of midspan shrouds at a theoretical level, and it would also be helpful in the structural design of blades.     

叶轮机叶片的三维造型及其对叶片气动负荷的影响

研究叶轮机叶片的弯扭及掠形等因素对叶片气动负荷分布的影响。给出了一个针对叶轮机内部流动的一般的掠角定义。基于线化的小扰动理论,用解析方法对叶片三维造型各因素的位势影响进行了分析,并用三维粘性数值模拟进行了验证和分析。分析结果表明,叶轮机叶片的弯扭和前缘掠形对叶片的负荷分布有重要的调节作用。合理利用三维造型的负荷调整功能可有效地调整负荷沿展向和弦向的分布,为叶型设计提供新的自由度。      

针对叶轮机流场分析的不同Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型评价

Spalart-Allmaras（SA）湍流模型在Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程求解中得到了广泛的应用。针对叶轮机数值模拟，国内外学者提出了很多修正的SA模型，但它们之间的对比少有研究。为此，综述了原始的SA（SA-standard），SA-neg，SA-Helicity，SA-Ning及SA-R五种不同SA湍流模型。针对NASA Rotor 67和NASA Rotor 37，考察这五种湍流模型对数值计算稳定性的影响及对叶轮机内部流动细节捕捉的能力。研究表明：SA-standard和SA-neg湍流模型计算结果几乎相同；相比于SA-standard湍流模型，SA-Ning湍流模型计算的压比、效率和堵塞流量均较大；SA-R湍流模型模拟的激波/边界层干涉更严重，分离区域更大，计算的压比小，模型修正效果不理想；SA-Helicity湍流模型不仅能极大地提高计算的压比和流量范围，而且能提高计算的稳定性和失速工况下的计算准确性，但计算的堵塞流量和效率较小。