Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.     

孔挤压强化工艺参数对GH4169高温合金疲劳寿命影响分析

为探究孔挤压强化工艺参数对镍基高温合金GH4169低周疲劳寿命的影响规律,首先建立了经试验验证的孔挤压强化后GH4169带孔平板低周疲劳寿命模型,在此基础上研究了600℃、820MPa、应力比0.1条件下挤压量、前导角、后导角、摩擦因数、芯棒材料等典型工艺参数对孔挤压强化后疲劳寿命的影响规律。结果表明：提高挤压量能明显提升疲劳寿命,但过大的挤压量会导致疲劳寿命下降;增加前导角有助于改善挤入面疲劳寿命;后导角对疲劳寿命没有影响;摩擦因数的提高会对孔挤压强化效益产生负面影响;芯棒材料的屈服强度应大于被挤压材料。     

考虑小裂纹特性的裂纹扩展数值分析方法及实验验证

为了对工程断裂关键件进行全面的损伤容限分析,需要发展一种能够考虑小裂纹阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展数值分析方法。在Paris公式的基础上基于镍基粉末高温合金小裂纹扩展行为特点,提出了一种小裂纹加长裂纹阶段的裂纹扩展物理力学过程描述,并以此建立了裂纹扩展速率模型。同时考虑到工程应用,将该模型通过FRANC3D软件的用户子程序,与有限元方法结合,构建了一种可分析实际工程结构例如航空发动机涡轮盘上疲劳裂纹扩展的数值分析方法。针对带初始缺陷的FGH96合金标准试棒进行了裂纹扩展数值分析,并与开展的裂纹扩展寿命实验进行了对比。数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,表明该方法能够充分考虑小裂纹阶段的裂纹扩展行为特点,适用于分析工程结构疲劳裂纹扩展的全过程。     

镍基高温合金铣削加工的残余应力研究

对硬质合金与陶瓷两类不同刀具分别以低速湿式铣削和高速干铣削方式加工镍基高温合金GH4169时的已加工表面残余应力进行研究.采用X射线衍射法测量铣削后的工件表面残余应力.采用涂层硬质合金刀具在较低铣削速度30～90m/min并浇注切削液的条件下铣削GH4169时,可在工件表面形成残余压应力或相对较小的残余拉应力,对残余应力数据进行统计分析.结果表明,刀具和铣削速度对表面残余应力均有显著影响,而且表面残余应力总体上随着每齿进给量的增加而呈现拉应力增加的趋势.采用涂层Al2O3-SiCw和Sialon陶瓷刀具以较高铣削速度300～1100m/min干铣削GH4169时,工件表面都将形成很大的残余拉应力.镍基高温合金GH4169的精加工更适合采用硬质合金涂层刀具并浇注切削液充分冷却,而陶瓷刀具干铣削则更适合于GH4169的粗加工.     

镍基粉末高温合金的研究进展

镍基粉末高温合金主要应用于航空航天领域,是高推重比发动机的关键材料.本文综述了近年来国内外镍基粉末高温合金在成分设计、粉末制备、成形、烧结及后续热处理等方面的研究成果和存在的问题,提出了镍基粉末高温合金今后的发展方向.     

Stress-controlled LCF experiments and ratcheting behaviour simulation of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy with [001] orientation

Uniaxial ratcheting behaviour and low cycle fatigue (LCF) failure mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD6 with [001] orientation are investigated through the stress-controlled LCF tests with stress ratio of −1. Then the deformation behaviour during the whole-lifetime from the beginning of the experiment to the fracture of the specimen, as well as the fractographic/metallographic morphology, are compared with the strain-controlled LCF experimental results. Through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, it is shown that the failure characteristics under stress-controlled LCF loading are similar with those under strain-controlled loading. Nevertheless, unlike strain-controlled LCF loading, even under fully reversed cycle loading for stress-controlled LCF, DD6 shows significant ratcheting behaviour due to the tension-compression asymmetry. In addition, the LCF lifetimes under stress control are significantly shorter than the LCF lifetimes under strain control, and the culprit might be the detrimental effect of ratcheting strain on LCF lifetime. Based on these phenomena, an improved crystal plasticity constitutive model on the basis of slip-based Walker constitutive model is developed through modifying the kinematic hardening rule in order to overcome the inaccurate prediction of decelerating stage and stable stage of ratcheting behaviour. Furthermore, combining the continuum damage mechanics, a damage-coupled crystal plasticity constitutive model is proposed to reflect the damage behaviour of DD6 and the accelerating stage of ratcheting behaviour. The simulation results for the stress-controlled LCF deformation behaviour including the whole-lifetime ratcheting behaviour show good agreement with the experimental data.     

Effect of stress ratio on HCF and VHCF properties at temperatures of 20 °C and 700 °C for nickel-based wrought superalloy GH3617M

This paper attempts to investigate the effects of stress ratio and high temperature on the HCF(high-cycle-fatigue) and VHCF(very-high-cycle-fatigue) behaviors of nickel-based wrought superalloy GH3617 M. Fatigue tests over the full HCF and VHCF regimes were conducted on superalloy GH3617 M subjected to constant-amplitude loading at five stress ratios of -1, -0.5, 0,0.4, and 0.8 in environments of 20 °C and 700 °C temperatures. From experimental observation and fractographic analysis, fatigue mechanisms were deduced to reveal the synergistic interaction between high temperature and stress ratio on the HCF and VHCF behaviors of superalloy GH3617 M. A phenomenological model was crafted from available fatigue design knowledge to evaluate the synergistic interaction, and a good correlation between predictions and experiments has been achieved.     

磁流变弹性体砂轮抛光镍基高温合金表面完整性研究

为了改善磨削后镍基高温合金GH4169的表面完整性,本文采用磁流变弹性体砂轮对镍基高温合金GH4169进行抛光试验研究。首先,通过模压成型的方法制备了磁流变弹性体砂轮,并对其表面微观形貌及不同磁场强度下的硬度进行了表征。其次将制备出的磁流变弹性体砂轮用于对镍基高温合金GH4169的抛光工艺试验中,并讨论抛光工艺参数中磁场强度对镍基高温合金表面完整性的影响。试验结果表明：在一定的磁场强度范围内,零件抛光后的表面粗糙度和显微硬度随着磁场强度的增大而减小,同时增大磁场强度也有利于改善零件的表面形貌,减少砂轮的磨损量,降低零件磨削后的亚表面损伤层厚度。     

BNi-2非晶钎料钎焊高铌TiAl合金与GH3536合金接头组织与性能

采用非晶态BNi-2钎料成功实现了高铌TiAl合金与GH3536合金的连接,获得良好的钎焊接头。钎焊接头的典型界面组织为TAN/B2+τ3/τ4+（Ni-Ti）-B/γ+（Ni-Ti）-B+CrB+G相/GH3536。通过分析钎焊温度对接头界面微观组织的影响,表明BNi-2钎料中B元素的扩散以及GH3536合金向液态钎料中的溶解对界面组织结构演变起着至关重要的作用。而随着钎焊温度的升高,扩散IV区逐渐消失,接头由4个区域变为3个区域,τ3/τ4化合物层及钎缝区域均逐渐增厚,黑色CrB相发生粗化,细小点状（Ni,Ti）-B含量减少。1 160℃保温10 min时,所获得的钎焊接头最大室温及高温（700℃）抗剪强度分别为~106.8 MPa和~76.2 MPa,其剪切强度降低约28.6%,接头均呈现脆性断裂模式。接头形成过程可以划分为固相扩散、液相生成、等温扩散凝固和残余液相析出4个阶段。     

新型刚玉砂轮磨削GH4169镍基高温合金的性能评价研究

镍基高温合金是航空发动机部件的常用材料,其磨削加工存在工具损耗严重、寿命短等难题。针对3种新研制的刚玉砂轮(分别为粒度60#的微晶和单晶混合磨料砂轮、粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮,以及粒度70#的单晶刚玉砂轮),开展了GH4169镍基高温合金材料的磨削试验,从磨削力、磨削温度、砂轮磨损以及表面粗糙度等方面对3种砂轮的磨削性能进行了评价。结果表明,3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料在砂轮磨损和表面粗糙度方面未表现出明显差异,而通过对磨削力和磨削温度的综合评价发现粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮的磨削性能更优。3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料的磨削比在0.5~3之间。在正常磨削条件下,3种砂轮的磨削表面粗糙度Ra小于0.4μm。同时发现,砂轮磨损(主要包括磨粒的破碎和脱落)是造成磨削表面缺陷形成的重要原因。