选区熔化过程多尺度多物理场建模研究进展

选区熔化技术是一种基于粉末床的、能够精确成形复杂零件、调控微观组织和性能的金属增材制造技术,其成形过程的计算机模拟对于生产实践具有重要指导意义。综述了国内外的研究现状,首先介绍选区熔化技术的原理及其特点;然后介绍国内外对选区熔化过程已经开展的计算机模拟技术的研究进展;并进一步重点介绍针对电子束选区熔化过程的多尺度多物理场模型,主要包括:(1)微观尺度电子束与材料相互作用的能量吸收模型;(2)细观尺度从铺粉到粉末加热、熔化、流动、沉积成形全过程的模型;(3)宏观尺度零件成形过程模型。     

Multi-scale design and optimization for solid-lattice hybrid structures and their application to aerospace vehicle components

By integrating topology optimization and lattice-based optimization, a novel multi-scale design method is proposed to create solid-lattice hybrid structures and thus to improve the mechanical performance as well as reduce the structural weight. To achieve this purpose, a two-step procedure is developed to design and optimize the innovative structures. Initially, the classical topology optimization is utilized to find the optimal material layout and primary load carrying paths. Afterwards, the solid-lattice hybrid structures are reconstructed using the finite element mesh based modeling method. And lattice-based optimization is performed to obtain the optimal cross-section area of the lattice structures. Finally, two typical aerospace structures are optimized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework. The numerical results are quite encouraging since the solid-lattice hybrid structures obtained by the presented approach show remarkably improved performance when compared with traditional designs.     

基于改进深度学习模型的焊缝缺陷检测算法

针对传统深度学习模型在进行焊缝缺陷检测时对小缺陷目标检测效果不理想问题，提出基于改进深度学习Faster RCNN模型的焊缝缺陷检测算法，算法通过多层特征网络提取多尺度特征图并共同作用于模型后续环节，以充分利用模型中的低层特征，增加细节信息；改进模型的区域生成网络，加入多种滑动窗口，从而优化了模型锚点的长宽比设置，提高检测能力。实验表明，改进Faster RCNN模型取得最优的缺陷检测结果，对于小缺陷目标仍取得较好的检测精度，从而验证了算法的有效性。     

2.5维编织树脂基复合材料平板多尺度动力学模型修正

在2.5维编织树脂基复合材料多尺度固有振动分析的基础上,开展基于实测结构模态数据的复合材料平板动力学模型修正研究,以获取精准反映其动力学特性的模型。首先,建立复合材料平板固有频率对弹性参数的灵敏度分析方法,分析了平板固有振动特性的主要影响因素;其次,建立基于灵敏度分析的复合材料多尺度动力学模型修正方法,形成了基于MSC.NASTRAN平台的模型修正程序。最后,利用实测结构模态测试数据,实现对复合材料平板动力学模型的修正。结果表明,对关键弹性参数进行修正后,不同边界条件和纱线走向的复合材料平板试验件固有频率实测数据与仿真数据的最大误差由10.44%下降至2.39%,相关性得到了大幅改善。此外,所提出的自由模态测试方案结合动力学模型修正方法,为复合材料等效弹性参数的试验辨识提供了新的技术途径。     

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

Research on failure criterion of composite based on unified macro- and micro-mechanical model

A new unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method for composite structures was developed in order to take the effects of composite micro structure into consideration. In this method, the macro stress distribution of composite structure was calculated by commercial finite element analysis software. According to the macro stress distribution, the damage point was searched and the micro-stress distribution was calculated by reformulated finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics (FVDAM), which was a multi-scale finite element method for composite. The micro structure failure modes were estimated with the failure strength of constituents. A unidirectional composite plate with a circular hole in the center under two kinds of loads was analyzed with the traditional macro-mechanical failure analysis method and the unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method. The results obtained by the two methods are consistent, which show this new method’s accuracy and efficiency.     

2.5D C/SiC复合材料带孔板拉伸破坏的多尺度模拟

为了研究2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料带孔板的拉伸破坏行为,提出一种可以模拟带孔板细观破坏过程的多尺度计算方法。该方法根据2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料的细观结构建立细观模型,通过子模型法将平板的宏观有限元模型和孔周围区域的细观有限元模型耦合在一起,然后采用渐进损伤计算方法完成带孔板破坏的多尺度模拟。计算结果表明,带孔板在拉伸载荷较低时出现初始损伤,随着载荷的加大经纱发生轴向拉伸破坏,纬纱发生横向的破坏。裂纹从孔边沿横向扩展至板的两端,最终整个板完全断裂失效。失效时的应变为0.375%,最大加载应力为221.7MPa。     

采用强制降噪和多尺度融合的地磁导航方法

针对地磁数据测量易受各种噪声和干扰影响,导致地磁匹配导航精度、概率和可靠性降低的问题,提出了一种采用小波强制降噪和多尺度融合的地磁匹配导航方法。该方法利用地磁数据高频部分易受噪声干扰影响而低频部分稳定性好、各尺度下的匹配结果具有相对独立性的特点,将含噪地磁基准图和实时图进行多尺度分解,在所选的多个尺度下经强制降噪后分别进行匹配,并融合各尺度下的匹配结果表决产生最终的导航结果。地磁匹配导航仿真实验结果表明该方法可有效提高导航的精度、概率和可靠性。     

A new model to simulate infrared radiation from an aircraft exhaust system

A multi-scale narrow band correlated-k distribution(MSNBCK) model is developed to simulate infrared radiation(IR) from an exhaust system of a typical aircraft engine.In this model,an approximate approach instead of statistically uncorrelated assumption is used to treat overlapping bands in gas mixture.It significantly reduces the requirement for computing power through converting the exponential increase of computing power consumption with the increase of participating gas species to linear increase.Besides,MSNBCK model has a great advantage compared with conventional methods which can estimate each species' contribution to the total gas mixture radiation intensity.Line by line(LBL) results,experimental data and other results in the references are used to evaluate this new model,which demonstrates its advantage in terms of accuracy and computing efficiency.By coupling this model and finite volume method(FVM) into radiative transfer equation(RTE),a comparative study is conducted to simulate IR signature from the exhaust system.The results indicate that wall's IR emission should be considered in both 3-5 μm and8-14 μm bands while gases' IR emission plays an important role only in 3-5 μm band.For plume IR radiation,carbon dioxide's emission is much more significant than that of water vapor in both3-5μm and 8-14 μm bands.Especially in 3-5 μm band,the water vapor's IR signal can even be neglected compared with that of carbon dioxide.     

Multi-scale thermodynamic analysis method for 2D SiC/SiC composite turbine guide vanes

Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) turbine guide vanes possess multi-scale stress and strain with inhomogeneity at the microscopic scale. Given that the macroscopic distribution cannot reflect the microscopic stress fluctuation, the macroscopic method fails to meet the requirements of stress and strain analysis of CMC turbine guide vanes. Furthermore, the complete thermodynamic properties of 2D woven SiC/SiC-CMC cannot be obtained through experimentation. Accordingly, a method to calculate the thermodynamic properties of CMC and analyze multi-scale stress and strain of the turbine guide vanes should be established. In this study, the multi-scale thermodynamic analysis is investigated. The thermodynamic properties of Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) processed SiC/SiC-CMC are predicted by a Representative Volume Element (RVE) model with porosity, leading to the result that the relative error between the calculated in-plane tensile modulus and the experimental value is 4.2%. The macroscopic response of a guide vane under given conditions is predicted. The relative error between the predicted strain on the trailing edge and the experimental value is 9.7%. The calculation of the stress distribution of micro-scale RVE shows that the maximum value of microscopic stress, which is located in the interlayer matrix, is more than 1.5 times that of macroscopic stress in the same direction and the microscopic stress distribution of the interlayer matrix is related to the pore distribution of the composite.