GPS/GIS车辆路径定位方法研究

标准定位服务（ＳＰＳ）的固有误差、ＳＡ 措施和市区环境的共同影响，使得ＧＰＳ的导航精度难于满足特种车辆监管系统的需求。差分ＧＰＳ技术虽然可以提高ＧＰＳ定位的精确度，但缺乏对环境的适应能力。在对城区内ＧＰＳ定位误差进行了系统分析的基础上，提出了一种融合ＧＰＳ技术和结合历史数据的地图匹配技术的车辆路径定位方法，并通过对实验的统计分析证明了方法的有效性。     

Real-time mosaicking for infrared videos from an oblique sweeping camera

Image mosaicking is widely used in Geographic Information Systems (GISs) for large-scale ground surface analysis. However, most existing mosaicking methods can only be used in offline processing due to the enormous amounts of computation. In this paper, we propose a novel and practical algorithm for real-time infrared video mosaicking. To achieve this, a novel fast template matching algorithm based on Sum of Cosine Differences (SCD) is proposed to coarsely match the sequential images. The high speed of the proposed template matching algorithm is obtained by computing correlation with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). We also propose a novel fast Least Squares Matching (LSM) algorithm for inter-frame fine registration, which can significantly reduce the computation without degrading the matching accuracy. In addition, the proposed fast LSM can effectively adapt for noise degradation and geometric distortion. Based on the proposed fast template matching algorithm and fine registration algorithm, we develop a practical real-time mosaicking approach which can produce seamless mosaic image highly efficiently. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is not just computationally efficient but also robust against various noise distortions.     

基于模糊逻辑的GPS/DR组合导航系统地图匹配算法

利用地图匹配技术能够使用高精度的电子地图位置信息改善 GPS/ DR组合导航系统的定位精度。提出一种基于模糊数学方法和统计概率准则的地图匹配算法 ,在融合定位传感器数据和路段位置信息的基础上 ,通过模糊逻辑评判完成最佳匹配路段的挑选 ,并对匹配修正结果的可信度作出评价。仿真试验的结果证明该算法的有效性。     

数据电路误码的模拟方法

分析数据电路中不同调制方式下的误码分布,对随机数进行数学变换产生不同的误码图案,从而给出数据电路模拟器中误码的模拟方法。     

Advanced architectures for real-time Delay-Doppler Map GNSS-reflectometers: The GPS reflectometer instrument for PAU (griPAU)

In recent years Global Navigation Satellite System’s signals Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has stood as a potential powerful remote sensing technique to derive scientifically relevant geophysical parameters such as ocean altimetry, sea state or soil moisture. This has brought out the need of designing and implementing appropriate receivers in order to track and process this kind of signals in real-time to avoid the storage of huge volumes of raw data. This paper presents the architecture and performance of the Global Positioning System (GPS) Reflectometer Instrument for PAU (griPAU), a real-time high resolution Delay-Doppler Map reflectometer, operating at the GPS L1 frequency with the C/A codes. The griPAU instrument computes 24 × 32 complex points DDMs with configurable resolution (Δf_Dmin = 20 Hz, Δτ_min = 0.05 chips) and selectable coherent (minimum = 1 ms, maximum = 100 ms for correlation loss Δρ < 90%) and incoherent integration times (minimum of one coherent integration period and maximum not limited but typically <1 s). A high sensitivity (DDM peak relative error = 0.9% and DDM volume relative error = 0.03% @ T_i = 1 s) and stability (Δρ/Δt = −1 s⁻¹) have been achieved by means of advanced digital design techniques.     

基于道路几何特征的地图匹配方法研究

从地图匹配技术的基本原理出发,比较了几种典型的点到线型地图匹配算法的优缺点以及适用范围。结合实际行车轨迹连续、特征明显的特点,提出了一种基于道路几何特征的地图匹配方法,并从候选路径确定、匹配路径确定和匹配点求取三方面对算法进行了详细说明。最后通过设计试验,验证了其可行性和准确性。经验证,采用此地图匹配方法可将惯性定位定向的定位精度提高到20m以内。     

基于距离代价函数和信息熵的发动机性能参数估计研究

研究发动机部件性能参数变化规律,对于减少维修次数和推动视情维修具有重要意义。针对测量参数个数少于待估性能参数的情况,给出了一种通过构建代价函数和优化算法的参数估计方法。原代价函数只考虑当前点参数,缺少与前面点参数的联系,因此结合自组织神经网络,构造了包含以前与当前点参数的距离代价函数。并提出了一种快速的参数估计方法。由于准确的部件性能参数很难获取,并且参数趋势估计不同于单纯的点估计问题,以对应的测量参数为基础,利用信息熵方法评定部件性能参数估计效果。进一步得到距离代价函数对应的参数信息熵为0.6805,优于原代价函数的估计结果。最后通过实例验证了参数估计方法的有效性。      

Adaptive level of autonomy for human-UAVs collaborative surveillance using situated fuzzy cognitive maps

Collaborating with a squad of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is challenging for a human operator in a cooperative surveillance task. In this paper, we propose a cognitive model that can dynamically adjust the Levels of Autonomy (LOA) of the human-UAVs team according to the changes in task complexity and human cognitive states. Specifically, we use the Situated Fuzzy Cognitive Map (SiFCM) to model the relations among tasks, situations, human states and LOA. A recurrent structure has been used to learn the strategy of adjusting the LOA, while the collaboration task is separated into a perception routine and a control routine. Experiment results have shown that the workload of the human operator is well balanced with the task efficiency.     

不依赖GPS的磁图测绘与校正新方法

针对水下磁场测绘中因载体难以经常上浮修正导航误差而导致的测绘结果坐标误差较大的问题,结合磁场测量的特殊性,并采用边导航边校正的思想,提出了一种不依赖GPS的全新磁图测绘方法。首先以惯性导航系统为标准进行第一次测绘并获得具有一定坐标误差的初始磁图,然后对初始磁图进行图形处理与信息提取,在此基础上进行第二次测绘。在第二次测绘中用从初始磁图获得的特征信息结合磁场传感器与惯性器件的输出构建卡尔曼滤波器,从而达到同时修正自身运动状态与初始磁图的目的。理论分析与仿真结果都证实了本方法可以通过两次误差较大的低精度测绘获得精度高得多的测绘结果。     

Spatial understanding and temporal correlation for a mobile robot

In this article we discuss a network model, which simulates functionallysome of the features intrinsic to human navigation and the merits ofincorporating such features on a behavior-based robot. Specifically thepaper deals with implementing a memory based reasoning strategy duringreal-time navigation of a mobile robot. For the purpose ofimplementation, memory has been identified with an ability to cognizethe local environment or scenario, classify such scenarios in terms ofpreviously learned primitives or landmarks, remember and recollect suchprimitives at later instants and correlate over time similar experiencesof scenarios. Such memory based reasoning enhances the robot'snavigation capabilities through intelligent decisions due to spatialunderstanding, scene recollection abilities by remembrance and detectinglocal minimum traps through place recognition. A double layeredspatio-temporal classification scheme consisting of a fuzzy rule-basedspatial classifier and a temporal classifier based on self-organizingmap and ART networks are adopted for this purpose. The classifiernetwork reduces the robot's experience of its environment consisting ofa stream of sensor patterns into weight vectors that signify aparticular landmark. An extension of the network architecture is alsointroduced to cognize the presence of dynamic obstacles amidststationary ones.