液体火箭发动机诱导轮空化热力学效应研究

为了研究空化热力学效应,以模型诱导轮为研究对象,改变流量、水温等条件,对其内部空化流动进行了可视化实验研究,完整记录了从空化初生至性能断裂点各工况的空化区形态。结果表明:温度对诱导轮无空化水力性能没有显著影响,但是高温下诱导轮的空化性能断裂点被显著延后,体现了热力学效应的影响。对比不同温度下的空化区形态,发现热力学效应的强弱与流动工况密切相关,在小空化数下体现得更为显著。同时引入一种半经验的理论模型预测热效应对空化性能的影响,小流量(Φ=0.071)下预测结果与实验结果平均偏差为5.5%,大流量(Φ=0.088)下平均偏差为10.8%,验证了模型在本文应用条件下的可靠性。     

基于正交优化设计的诱导轮空化性能研究

为了研究不同结构因素对诱导轮空化性能的影响及主次顺序,基于正交优化设计,采用数值模拟的方法,通过诱导轮可视化试验进行验证,对某型诱导轮及其改型进行了分析。仿真计算得到的不同空化数下空穴形态与实验结果吻合较好,断裂空化数的计算结果与实验结果误差为0.3%。仿真及实验结果表明,诱导轮发生扬程断裂不仅与空穴区占流道体积的大小有关,还与空穴区在流道中分布的位置有关,空穴区位置越靠后,越容易发生扬程断裂;对诱导轮空化性能及水力效率影响最大的结构因素为入口安放角,其次为入口修圆包角;入口等螺距段长度和变螺距段长度较小时可以提高诱导轮的空化性能。     

液体火箭发动机诱导轮旋转汽蚀分析

超同步旋转汽蚀和次同步旋转汽蚀是液体火箭发动机诱导轮旋转汽蚀现象的两种类型。为了揭示它们之间的差异,完成了Tsujimoto旋转汽蚀计算模型的理论求解,开展了旋转汽蚀现象的数值计算。结果表明,旋转汽蚀两种类型发生时,质量流量增益系数M都发生周期性变化。当超同步旋转汽蚀发生时,M>0;而当次同步旋转汽蚀发生时,M值的变化范围更广。由于在设计工况点附近,通常有M>0,因此在多数情况下很难观测到次同步旋转汽蚀。     

Experimental investigation of cavitation instabilities in inducer with different tip clearances

To investigate the effect of tip clearance size on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer, a series of experiments have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility using room temperature water as working fluid. The pressure fluctuations near the tip region were collected, and the cavity structures under various conditions were documented by a high-speed camera. It is found that large tip clearance distinctly reduces both the non-cavitation and cavitation performance. Three cavitation instabilities, super-synchronous rotating cavitation, synchronous rotating cavitation and cavitation surge have been carefully identified through combination of cross-correlation analysis of pressure signals and visualization results. Large tip clearance displays a remarkable stabilization effect on pressure fluctuation, cavitation surge totally disappears, and the range of occurrence of synchronous rotating cavitation becomes smaller for the large tip clearance, whereas super-synchronous rotating cavitation only occurs in the large tip clearance. The cavitation areas are smaller at large tip clearance, while the flow channels are more seriously choked when cavitation occurs heavily in comparison with those at small tip clearance, which may be responsible for the worse cavitation performance.     

Experimental investigation of thermal effect on cavitation characteristics in a liquid rocket engine turbopump inducer

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of water temperature on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer, a series of experiments at different temperatures have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility. It is found that higher temperature shows little influence on the non-cavitation performance and breakdown characteristic in the investigated range. The relationship between cavitation development and pressure fluctuation has been discussed in detail. Higher temperature displays a remarkable stabilization effect on the cavitation excited pressure. In particular, the inception cavitation numbers of both the super-synchronous rotating cavitation and synchronous rotating cavitation are decreased at higher temperatures, and the corresponding frequencies are not affected, while the amplitudes are distinctly reduced, and the occurrence range of synchronous rotating cavitation is significantly narrowed. A generalized Rayleigh-Plesset equation has been employed to account for the thermal effect on the bubble development, which may provide a deep insight in understanding the experimental results. Thermal effect is found to act as a remarkable dissipation mechanism to suppress the bubble growth, smooth the collapse. In particular, the excited pressure during collapse is smaller at higher temperatures, which may lead to the stabilization effect of high temperature in this study.