无尾桨及其实验研究

介绍了无尾桨概念及带环量控制尾梁的直升机模型在风洞中和旋翼下的测压实验，主要研究动量系数和缝隙几何参数对圆柱尾梁上气动力的影响；另外，对环量控制尾梁上的流动状态也进行了显示实验。通过对实验结果的分析，研究环量控制尾梁的原理及应用。     

某Ⅰ级涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验研究

为了确定某Ⅰ级涡轮盘的技术寿命,根据该盘的标准循环载荷谱,对该盘进行了应力分析,确定在标准循环时该盘中心孔与径向销孔相交处为考核部位。为模拟标准循环时该盘在其考核部位的应力谱,专门设计了该Ⅰ级涡轮盘的试验转子及试验参数,在轮盘低循环疲劳试验器上,对该Ⅰ级涡轮盘的一个旧盘进行了高温低循环疲劳试验。试验结果表明：该旧盘低循环疲劳试验至第６０４７ 次循环时,有５ 个销孔考核部位出现了裂纹。断口分析表明：该旧盘剩余的试验低循环疲劳失效寿命为６０４７ 周     

扰流柱排内换热的实验研究

在来流雷诺数为2000～100000的范围内,对装有扰流柱排的矩形通道内的局部换热系数进行了详细的测量,得到了扰流柱排强化换热的规律,对强化换热的机理进行了探讨。      

排气引射系统主喷管选型试验研究

对４种主喷管组成的排气引射系统的引射系数和总压损失、各主喷管出口与混合管进口之间的最佳间距、混合气流在混合管内的静压恢复及混合气流在混合管出口处的总压分布等进行了测量和对比。试验结果对排气引射系统主喷管选型设计有重要的参考价值。     

Effects of wing locations on wing rock induced by forebody vortices

Previous studies have shown that asymmetric vortex wakes over slender bodies exhibit a multi-vortex structure with an alternate arrangement along a body axis at high angle of attack. In this investigation, the effects of wing locations along a body axis on wing rock induced by forebody vortices was studied experimentally at a subcritical Reynolds number based on a body diameter. An artificial perturbation was added onto the nose tip to fix the orientations of forebody vortices. Par-ticle image velocimetry was used to identify flow patterns of forebody vortices in static situations, and time histories of wing rock were obtained using a free-to-roll rig. The results show that the wing locations can affect significantly the motion patterns of wing rock owing to the variation of multi-vortex patterns of forebody vortices. As the wing locations make the forebody vortices a two-vortex pattern, the wing body exhibits regularly divergence and fixed-point motion with azimuthal varia-tions of the tip perturbation. If a three-vortex pattern exists over the wing, however, the wing-rock patterns depend on the impact of the highest vortex and newborn vortex. As the three vortices together influence the wing flow, wing-rock patterns exhibit regularly fixed-points and limit-cycled oscillations. With the wing moving backwards, the newborn vortex becomes stronger, and wing-rock patterns become fixed-points, chaotic oscillations, and limit-cycled oscillations. With fur-ther backward movement of wings, the vortices are far away from the upper surface of wings, and the motions exhibit divergence, limit-cycled oscillations and fixed-points. For the rearmost location of the wing, the wing body exhibits stochastic oscillations and fixed-points.     

Laboratory Experiments on Preplanetary Dust Aggregation

For a better understanding of the processes which lead to the formation of planetesimals in the early solar nebula, we performed an extensive series of laboratory experiments. We find that the capture velocities in collisions between spherical grains are more than one order of magnitude higher than predicted by Chokshi et al (1993). In contrast, irregular grains have no capture threshold and can be better described by a sticking probability which is typically a few 10%, even for velocities exceeding 10 m/s. However, adhesion forces between spherical, micron-sized particles match the theoretical predictions very well, although contact areas and deformations are of the order of inter-atomic distances only. Aggregation experiments in rarefied turbulent gases reveal the fractal nature of dust aggregates. Mass distribution functions are bell-shaped. Similar behaviour can be found in aggregation experiments with sedimenting particles. Experiments on collision-induced aggregate compaction and fragmentation match the numerical simulations by Dominik and Tielens (1997) very well if revised experimental values of the break-up energy (from our impact experiments) and the rolling-friction force (from our AFM measurements on particle chains) are used. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optimization and Sizing for Propulsion System of Liquid Rocket Using Genetic Algorithm

Flight vehicle conceptual design appears to be a promising area for application of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an approach to help to automate part of the design process. This computational research effort strives to develop a propulsion system design strategy for liquid rocket to optimize take-off mass, satisfying the mission range under the constraint of axial overload. The method by which this process is accomplished by using GA as optimizer is outlined in this paper. Convergence of GA is improved by introducing initial population based on Design of Experiments Technique.     

脉冲式膏体推进剂发动机实验研究

以某种不加固化剂的具有流变性的复合推进剂为膏体推进剂的初始配方,研究其在实验发动机中的挤压输运适应性和摩擦安全性,获得了膏体推进剂的粘度与挤压适应性的关系,并对影响该推进剂挤压适应性和摩擦安全性的因素进行了分析。在此基础上完成了脉冲式膏体推进剂发动机的地面热试,成功地得到了两次脉冲燃烧的p-t实验曲线。初步验证了膏体推进剂在使用上的安全性和脉冲式膏体推进剂发动机在推力调节和多次起动方面的可行性,为国内在该新领域的研究奠定了必要的基础。      

Research on vacuum plume and its effects

In vacuum environment, the exhaust flow of attitude control thrusters would expand freely and produce the plume, which possibly causes undesirable contamination, aerodynamic force and heating effects to the spacecraft. Plume work station (PWS) is developed by Beihang University (BUAA) for numerically simulating the vacuum plume and its effects. An approach which combines the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and difference solution of Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is applied. The internal flows in nozzles are simulated by solving the NS equations. The flow parameters at nozzle exit are used as the inlet boundary condition for the DSMC calculation. Experimental studies are carried out in a supersonic low density wind tunnel which could simulate the 60-80 km altitude environment to investigate the plume and its effects. To demonstrate the capability of PWS, numerical simulations are performed for the vacuum plume of several typical attitude control thrusters. The research results are of great help for the engineering design.     

一种适用于超跨音叶型的非设计点损失和落后角模型

提出一种适用于双圆弧、多圆弧等超跨音叶型的非设计点损失落后角模型。非设计点损失由设计点损失和非设计点偏离损失两部分组成。非设计点偏离损失是马赫数与冲角的二次函数。设计点落后角采用Ｓｗａｎ与Ｃｒｅｖｌｅｉｎｇ的模型。把上面的模型与流线曲率法程序结合，所获得的总特性、分级特性、流动参数均与实验值吻合良好，可用于工程计算。