固体发动机喷管烧蚀和温度场测量

介绍了含铝复合推进剂发动机试验时,对其喷管进行的烧蚀和温度场测量,获得了复合喷管结构中的烧蚀和瞬时温度分布.     

颗粒冲刷对绝热层烧蚀影响的实验研究

设计了两套冲刷状态可调的烧蚀实验发动机，开展了颗粒冲刷对绝热层烧蚀影响的实验研究。结果表明，冲刷速度是影响绝热层烧蚀的最主要因素；颗粒冲刷速度较低时，即使颗粒浓度很高，烧蚀率也并不是很大；对烧蚀数据进行的回归分析表明，最大线烧蚀率与颗粒冲刷速度平方接近正比关系，而颗粒浓度的影响非常小。     

颗粒冲刷对C/C材料烧蚀影响的实验研究

为研究粒子直接撞击模式下C/C材料的烧蚀形貌及性能,丰富C/C材料烧蚀研究,开展了粒子侵蚀实验.利用扫描电镜和三维微观成像等测量手段进行微观烧蚀形貌的研究,结果表明颗粒冲刷条件下由于粒子的直接撞击,侵蚀区域出现小凹坑,但轴棒纤维突出,轴棒表面出现大小不同的凹坑,部分单丝从基体中断裂,形成微观锥形孔穴形貌,径向纤维束部分区域出现孔和开槽,整体形貌不再连续一致;未侵蚀部位的微观形貌和烧蚀试验中的喉部形貌一致,单丝呈现笋尖状.     

固体火箭发动机碳基材料喷管热化学烧蚀特性

为了准确预示固体火箭发动机碳基材料喷管的烧蚀率,依据热化学烧蚀理论,建立了喷管传热烧蚀的二维轴对称气-固-热耦合计算模型,计算通过FLUENT壁面化学反应模型完成,无需事先假设烧蚀控制机制。针对70-lb BATES发动机喷管进行了烧蚀计算,研究了推进剂配方、氧化性组分、燃烧室压强对喷管烧蚀的影响。结果表明:烧蚀率计算值与试验测试值吻合较好;烧蚀率分布遵循喷管内壁热流密度分布规律,在喉部上游入口处达到峰值;烧蚀率随推进剂Al含量增加而降低,随燃烧室压强升高而近似正比例增大;H2O是决定烧蚀的主要氧化性组分。     

典型喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能的实验研究

为了掌握固体火箭发动机典型喷管喉衬材料的抗过载烧蚀性能,通过地面旋转模拟过载实验系统,开展了20g和30g高横向过载下的三种喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能研究。结果表明,在高横向过载下喷管喉衬会出现偏烧蚀现象,即过载区域喉部烧蚀厚度远大于非过载区域;与非过载区域相比,过载区域喉部烧蚀率显著增大,且过载区域喉部烧蚀率随着横向过载的增加而显著增大,20g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到12.43倍,30g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到20.53倍;在高横向过载下,轴编C/C抗过载烧蚀性能最好,无纬布针刺C/C次之,高强石墨最弱。在高过载和非过载下,喉衬材料的烧蚀性能优劣将发生根本变化,在过载下固体发动机喷管设计过程中应该予以重视。     

Erosion degradation characteristics of a linear electro-hydrostatic actuator under a high-frequency turbulent flow field

The paper proposes a performance degradation analysis model based on dynamic erosion wear for a novel Linear Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LEHA). Rather than the traditional statistical methods based on degradation data, the method proposed in this paper firstly analyzes the dominant progressive failure mode of the LEHA based on the working principle and working conditions of the LEHA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, combining the turbulent theory and the micro erosion principle, is used to establish an erosion model of the rectification mechanism. The erosion rates for different port openings, under a time-varying flow field, are obtained. The piecewise linearization method is applied to update the concentration of contaminated particles within the LEHA, in order to gain insight into the erosion degradation process at various stages of degradation. The main contribution of the proposed model is the application of the dynamic concentration of contamination particles in erosion analysis of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves (EHSVs), throttle valves, spool valves, and needle valves. The effects of system parameters and working conditions on component wear are analyzed by simulations. The results of the proposed model match the expected degradation process.     

Impact of erosion testing aspects on current and future flight conditions

High speed of aero vehicles including commercial and military aircraft, missiles, unmanned air vehicles, as well as conceptual aircraft of the future are imposing larger restrictions on the materials of these vehicles and highlight the importance of adequate quantification of material behavior and performance during different flight conditions. Erosion due to weather conditions and other present particles such as hydrometeors; rain, hail and ice, as well as sand, volcanic ash and dust resulting from residues in the atmosphere are eminent as hazardous on the structure of a flying vehicle and may adversely influence the lifecycle of the structure. This study outlines an extensive review of research efforts on erosion in aviation and provides a basis for comparison between different apparatus simulating rain erosion and their usage within the aerospace industry. The significant aspects of erosion testing and future prospects for erosion impact are further addressed for forthcoming generations of flying vehicles.     

我国航空发动机用几种涂层技术的差距及未来发展

论述了航空发动机隐身、抗冲蚀、防钛火涂层的技术现状.强调研究多元合金化及复合冲蚀涂层、阻燃涂层及阻燃性能测试技术,研究强吸波和低红外发射涂层、宽频带和多频谱隐身、雷达与红外隐身兼容涂层,以促进我国隐身战机的研制.     

影响环形微阴极电弧推力器寿命的因素研究

为了研究影响环形微阴极电弧推力器寿命的因素，首先分析了可能的因素，接着通过试验研究了电流参数对阴阳极间电阻的影响，不同功率下的推力器热性能以及功率大小对绝缘体腐蚀的影响。试验结果表明，为了延长推力器的寿命，需要控制推力器较大的放电电流，使得阴阳极间电阻动态平衡，维持在0.5~10 kΩ；需要选择合适的放电功率，功率阈值应考虑各部件材料的高温承受能力；另外，绝缘体的腐蚀是制约推力器寿命的主要因素，降低放电功率有助于减缓该腐蚀。     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.