Initial nighttime ionospheric observations with advanced ionospheric probe onboard FORMOSAT-5

FORMOSAT-5 satellite was launched into a sun-synchronous orbit at 720 km altitude with 98.28° inclination on 25 August 2017. The onboard scientific payload, Advanced Ionospheric Probe (AIP) is capable of measuring topside ionospheric ion density, cross-track flow velocities, ion composition and temperature, and electron temperature. Initial observations of nighttime midlatitude ionospheric density and vertical flow velocity variations at 2230 LT sector during a few quiet magnetic days in December 2017 are studied here. Longitudinal density variations in the equatorward edge of midlatitude ionospheric trough (MIT) region are noticed. Accompanied with this density variation, the vertical flow velocities also behave differently. Although the density difference has been stated due to zonal wind effect related to the declination of the geomagnetic field lines, the vertical flow velocity variation seems to play the opposite role. All these density and vertical flow observations in the northern winter hemisphere can only be explained by the longitudinal differences in the diffusion velocity coming down from the protonsphere (plasmasphere). In addition, the hemispheric asymmetry in the vertical flow velocity can also be explained by the interaction between the topside ionosphere and the protonsphere. The observed vertical flow variations near MIT at different longitudes should present a new potential tool for the study of MIT formation.     

High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

Nb/Nb5Si3微叠层材料及其制备技术

Nb/Nb5Si3合金是未来最具潜力的超高温结构材料,实现该材料的结构微叠层化是一种新颖的材料设计思路和制备方法.Nb/Nb5Si3微叠层材料是将Nb和Nb5Si3按一定的层间距及层厚比以ABABAB型交互重叠结构形成的多层材料,其几种典型的制备技术包括热压、等离子喷涂、磁控溅射和电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD).其中EB-PVD是一种最适合工程应用的Nb/Nb5Si3微叠层材料制备方法,结构和功能复合、纳米化叠层、高韧化工艺是EB-PVD技术制备Nb/Nb5Si3微叠层材料的发展方向.     

工业CT检测技术在5 kN发动机研制中的应用

针对5 kN发动机结构焊缝和复合材料喷管不可检不可测的难题,开展了工业CT检测技术研究。分析了复杂结构焊缝和复合材料喷管的常规方法检测难点,利用工业CT检测技术穿透能力强、不受工件复杂结构影响的优势,对5 kN发动机产品中的电子束焊缝、氩弧焊焊缝、复合材料喷管等结构进行了检测试验,得到了良好的检测效果。结果表明,工业CT检测技术可以识别5 kN发动机产品中的气孔、未焊透、分层、裂纹等缺陷,并实现对缺陷的定位与测量,可为焊缝质量评估提供依据。     

超声波铣床基于CATIA V5复合材料蜂窝件数控编程方法研究

本文针对超声五坐标数控加工设备的蜂窝数控加工方法及后处理特性进行分析,开展了在CATIAV5软件中相应编程方法和体系研究,开发了满足该设备数控编程需要的基于CATIAV5的资源库,制定了相应的编程方法规范。     

储氢合金的性质及发展趋势

本文介绍了储氢合金的性质，Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池原理，以及储氢合金对Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池所产生的影响，根据目前科学技术的发展以及市场的需求，提出了未来储氢合金及Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的发展趋势。     

低空无人机交通管理概览与建议综述

大量无序飞行的低空无人机运行会对地面设施、公共安全、空中载人飞行器等带来危害。然而，目前民航空中交通管理不能适应未来数以百万架的无人机。为了应对该挑战，世界各国针对低空无人机空中交通管理开发了新框架。低空无人机空中交通管理属于近几年出来的新事物。藉此聚焦于低空无人机交通管理，从4个方面进行概览：低空无人机相关的空中交通基本概念及现状、低空无人机交通管理介绍、低空无人机交通管理的关键技术和低空无人机交通管理相关科学问题，以期望对无人机产业健康发展有一定的建议意义。     

Corrosion Inhibition of SiC_p/5A06 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite by Cerium Conversion Treatment

This article studies the effects of the CeCl₃ concentrations in conversion solutions with and without addition of NaCl, pH-values of conversion solution, drying temperature, time and temperature of immersion on the Ce-conversion coatings for corrosion protection of the SiC_p/5A06 Al-MMC and 5A06 Al-alloy in the 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization tests reveal that the Ce-conversion treatment could markedly improve the pitting corrosion resistance of the composite and the matrix alloy in chloride containing environment. The best corrosion resistance effects are obtained for the samples treatment in 1‰ CeCl₃·7H₂O/ 3.5% NaCl solution at 45 °C for 60 min, followed by drying at 100 °C for 30 min. Examinations by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that this behavior is due to the precipitation of Ce-oxides/hydroxides on the cathodic intermetallics and the Al-oxide film on the rest of the metal matrix.     

6156-T4铝合金焊接加筋薄壁结构剩余强度评估的CTOD方法

为保证飞机设计满足损伤容限性能要求,有必要对其进行剩余强度评估。针对6156-T4铝合金焊接连接薄壁结构进行了R曲线和剩余强度试验,判断了裂纹扩展经过筋条时的裂纹扩展路径,测量了母板和筋条两个方向的裂纹扩展速率,并采用不同的断裂准则和分析方法对单及双跨度多个初始裂纹长度焊接加筋薄板的剩余强度进行了预测。结果表明:裂纹扩展在经过筋条时,同时沿着母板和筋条继续扩展,筋条上的裂纹扩展方向垂直于母板且两个方向的裂纹扩展速率基本相同;采用净截面屈服准则进行剩余强度预测时会低估这种韧性较好的焊接连接薄壁结构的剩余强度;基于SINTAP-FITNET评价体系,以裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD-δ5)作为裂纹尖端弹塑性表征参量进行剩余强度预测时,预测结果比采用K曲线预测方法精度高。     

2. 5D 衍生结构SiO2 f / SiO2 复合材料的经向力学性能

以几种不同的2.5D衍生结构织物为增强体,制备了法向增强、经向增强及经法向增强2.5D Si O2f/Si O2复合材料,比较了上述材料与现有2.5D Si O2f/Si O2复合材料的经向力学性能,并研究了经法向增强2.5D结构复合材料中增强纱比例、纤维体积分数与材料性能之间的关系,对织物结构进行了优化。结果表明,经法向增强2.5D Si O2f/Si O2复合材料的经向力学性能较现有2.5D复合材料有显著提高,该材料在较低密度下(1.6 g/cm3),经向拉伸强度与现有材料(1.65 g/cm3)持平,且经向压缩强度接近现有材料的4.3倍。