Emergence of a Habitable Planet

We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K CO₂ atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO₂ was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate subduction were inefficient the CO₂ would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years. Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m². In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved >4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact.     

对流层特大暴雨天气对电离层变化的影响

研究气象活动对电离层变化的影响．利用时序叠加方法，通过对1958-1998年期间发生在武汉的5次特大暴雨天气事件对武汉上空电离层变化的影响进行分析，发现：(1)特大暴雨能够引起低电离层，fbEs和，f0Es参量较明显地减小；(2)特大暴雨对电离层F区寻常波描迹的最低虚高h′F和电离层等效峰高hpF的参量也有一定影响，且随着雨量的增大这种影响作用也会增加；(3)特大暴雨对电离层其他参量影响甚弱或没有影响．本文认为，特大暴雨天气事件对电离层的影响主要来自于动力过程，特别是特大暴雨激发的或相伴的大气重力波、潮汐波和行星波等长周期大尺度过程的作用．     

某重型燃气轮机放气活门及排气管路的改进设计

针对某重型燃气轮机放气系统放气活门在结构设计上存在的问题,经过分析和论证,提出了改进方案,通过计算验证了该方案可以实施。     

激波风洞重模型气动力试验研究

在激波风洞上进行气动力试验时,风洞启动时巨大的冲击载荷使模型-天平受到充分的激励,从而形成惯性干扰力,并与真实气动力混杂在一起,甚至完全覆盖气动力,降低了试验精准度,使得试验模型的质量受到极大的限制。本文介绍了CARDC-dia.2米激波风洞进行大、重模型的压电天平气动力试验研究情况,包括天平设计、天平校准、惯性补偿和风洞试验等几个方面。研究结果表明:气动力试验模型质量可从过去的500g增加到8kg,模型长度可达1m。从而提高了激波风洞测力试验能力,能满足高超声速飞行器试验的需求。     

圆形隧道衬砌与围岩应力的解析法研究

隧道衬砌与围岩的应力分析是隧道设计中一个重要内容。本文基于厦门市东通道海底隧道对圆形隧道衬砌与围岩应力的封闭解析解法进行研究,首先利用MATLAB编制衬砌与围岩应力程序并选用一个已有精确解的实例进行校验,然后对圆形隧道四种工况进行计算并给出相关的衬砌和围岩的分布曲线,最后对计算结果进行了相关分析。     

内混音速空气雾化重油喷嘴的试验研究

在横向气流中直射喷嘴雾化研究及超音速气流中喷嘴雾化研究的基础上,针对工业窑炉中烧嘴以重油(通常为油渣)工作的问题,设计和试验研究了内混音速气流两次空气雾化重油喷嘴,从原理上解决了喷嘴雾化细度(燃烧完全)和火焰长度(刚性)之间的矛盾。文中得出合理选择这种喷嘴的结构形式、几何尺寸以及混合腔压力,同时得出很好的雾化细度以及要求的火焰长度。结果表明,混合腔压力与供气压力之比应在0.60～0.70之间,所需压缩空气的压力为0.4MPa,所设计的喷嘴已投入使用。     

点燃式航空重油活塞发动机冷起动控制策略

针对点燃式航空重油活塞发动机低温起动困难问题,采取了空气辅助缸内直喷技术手段,开展了冷起动控制策略研究及试验验证研究,解决了-10 ℃发动机低温顺利起动问题。提取了影响冷起动的关键控制参数,并对其进行了规律研究,获得了环境温度对各参数的最优匹配结果及试验验证;定义了点燃式重油发动机的冷起动阶段,根据匹配和试验结果获得了关键参数与缸体温度的映射关系,设计了冷起动策略并进行了试验验证。结果表明:缸体温度在-10～20 ℃之间,最佳喷油提前角在上止点前50°~85°范围,最佳点火提前角为上止点前45°可以保证重油发动机平稳起动,起动时间小于3 s。     

滚摆非定常流场的定量流动显示

对 8 0°三角翼滚摆的非定常流场进行常规流动显示和定量流动显示即PIV测量 ,获得了对于引起和维持滚摆的气动机理的新认识 ,即引起和维持滚摆的气动机理不仅在于前缘分离涡相对翼面位置的动态迟滞特性 ,而且还在于前缘涡强度的动态迟滞特性     

基于微振动隔离技术的平台载荷一体化设计

针对大口径高分辨率相机对卫星平台结构、安装包络、振动环境等方面的要求,提出了一种基于微振动隔离技术的平台载荷一体化设计与分析方法。通过在卫星平台与载荷安装基板之间的一体化结构中增加柔性连接单元,利用系统刚度和能量耦合的原理对一体化结构平台的系统性能进行设计和仿真分析,并在此基础上,开展了平台载荷一体化结构地面模拟试验研究。结果表明：文章提出的基于微振动隔离技术的平台载荷一体化设计在满足载荷安装要求的同时,还能够将卫星平台传递至载荷基板的振动响应衰减80%以上,从而有效地确保载荷的主要性能。     

航线维修中的NFF件处理对策

对未发现故障(NFF)件产生的原因进行了分析,结合航线维修工作特点,编制了NFF件处理逻辑图,提供了系统的NFF件解决方案;在对NFF件的可靠性管理过程中引入闭环控制方法,从航线维修和部件修理两个方面入手,给出了减少NFF件的方法,对消除由NFF件造成的飞机运行不良影响、降低维修费用、提高部件修理质量有积极作用.