镉镍电池在武器回收系统中的应用探讨

文章对镉镍电池在武器回收系统中的应用进行了探讨 ,得到了在武器回收系统中可以用镉镍充电电池取代银锌蓄电池的结论     

翼柱型装药发动机点火升压过程计算

利用实验获得的翼槽内火焰传播规律经验公式,在Ｐ（ｔ）模型的基础上,建立了翼柱型发动机的点火升压计算模型。计算结果与实测数据吻合较好。同时就点火器流量、推进剂燃速、喷管堵盖打开压强等设计参数对发动机点火升压过程的影响进行了分析。     

固体火箭发动机点火药量的计算

通过对点火过程及数学模型的描述，以气体状态方程计算点火药量的公式为基础，提出了一个新的点火药量计算经验公式，并讨论了公式的应用情况和使用范围。     

涵道螺旋桨桨叶涡强度分布计算

本文依据开式螺旋桨理论 ,涵道后缘的库塔条件以及微元涡丝的诱导方程 ,建立了涵道螺旋桨叶片涡强度分布的计算模型并进行了数值计算。结果显示 ,涵道螺旋桨桨叶涡强度在桨尖处达到最大     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

绕任意轴旋转的矩形截面弯管流动特性研究(续)

利用数值计算的方法研究了绕任意轴旋转的矩形截面弯管内的粘性流动情况，分析了在不同入口距离处离心力和科氏力共同作用下的二次流动、轴向主流的发展变化情况。计算结果表明：F=-4．0时，流动呈现出4一涡结构；F=-4．0的轴向速度矢量图在垂直面内与F=-4．0的轴向速度矢量图正好相反；在大曲率情况下管道内会出现三个轴向速度极值点。     

大曲率弯道和叶栅内的湍流数值模拟

本文在贴体曲线坐标系下应用非交错网格技术，发展了适于求解复杂流动的压力修正算法，采用速度的协变物理分量为动量方程的求解变量，推导得出一个适于任何曲线坐标系下控制单元体界面流通量的插值模式，可以有效地抑制不合理的波动压力场，计算表明，算法稳定收敛，计算值与试验值吻合良好，同时能预示通道内复杂的流动现象。     

三维曲线坐标系N－S方程通用形式和数字解

运用张量分析理论，比较简捷地导出了三维任意曲线坐标系上椭圆型Ｎ－Ｓ方程的通用形式。在对这些方程进行数值离散时，采用了有限控制体积的非交错网格设置，该算法以ＳＩＭＰＬＥ为基础，为了抑制压力振荡场的出现，在压力修正方程中对压力梯度的离散附加一项１—δｘ的差分。作为算例，本文给出了三维９０°强曲率弯曲管道中气流的不可压缩紊流状态的数值计算结果，并与相关的实验数据进行了对比，结果是满意的。     

飞机高温高压空气导管的振动特性研究

在分析某大型客机环境控制系统的配平子系统的基础上,基于有限元软件Patran和Nastran建立了配平系统的空气导管有限元分析模型,选用Lanczos算法,对管系进行动力学模态分析,获得了系统前五阶的频率和振型.同时,考察了气体热力学参数和球形接头作动力学参数对空气导管动力学模态特性的影响.结果表明:从频率上看,配平系统Part1在45Hz以下谐振模态分布密集.从振型上看,球形接头和滑动接头处的振型变化幅度较大;从动力学特性的影响因素来看,配平系统空气导管管系的固有频率随管内温度的增加而递减,随管内压力的增加而增加;球形接头起动力矩和刚度增大会增加各阶的固有频率.研究工作对于我国大型客机空气导管系统的可靠性设计具有参考价值.     

涡桨飞机发动机进气道排除异物特性数值方法研究

根据适航规范针对常见的两种外来异物：冰雹与冰块进行本体特性研究,确定两种外来异物的几何、质量以及初始姿态特性。耦合计算流体力学(CFD)以及六自由度方法(6DOF),开展涡桨发动机进气道以及旁通道中的异物运动排除特性数值模拟,分析其气动特性以及运动轨迹。针对运动中可能存在的碰撞现象,进一步联合LS-DYNA软件进行仿真分析,建立合理有效的涡桨发动机进气道外来异物排除数值模拟方法。以某型涡桨发动机为例,两种异物的计算结果表明,一旦异物与壁面发生碰撞,碎裂成若干很小的碎块,能量损失,对发动机威胁较小,无论是进入主发动机或者旁通道,均可认为排除。但是,由于下壁面结冰区的冰块容易直接进入主发动机,有可能造成严重影响,需要重点关注。