A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

一种飞机大仰角飞行的模糊控制方法

提出了一种飞机大仰角飞行的动态逆模糊集成控制方法。首先使用动态逆方法求得系统的逆，使系统反馈线性化，然后，用具有在线规则自调整的模糊控制方法来确保系统的最终特性。该方法应用在高性能收音机俯仰机动指令系统的设计中，仿真结果表明，所设计的控制器满足操纵品质的要求，并且，在大仰角飞行时具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

改进的粒子群算法求解背包问题

本文提出了改进的粒子群算法求解背包问题,阐明了该算法求解背包问题的具体实现过程。通过与其他文献中实例的计算结果比较,表明该算法切实可行,有较高的搜索效率。     

协同多目标攻击空战决策的启发式粒子群优化算法

利用协同多目标攻击战术的特定知识，并结合粒子群算法，提出了一种用于空战决策的启发式粒子群算法。该算法利用粒子群算法对解空间探索能力强，容易跳出局部最优陷井及启发式算法局部搜索能力强的优点，快速、高效地对全局最优值进行搜索。该算法通过求解友机导弹对目标的最优分配来确定空战决策方案。仿真实验结果表明。本文算法对最优空战决策方案的搜索性能明显优于普通粒子群算法及其他两种遗传算法。     

尖头细长体中小迎角流动结构的数值模拟和实验研究

利用可压缩层流Navier-Stokes方程模拟了尖头细长体中小迎角的流动结构。给出了4个迎角状态的物面流谱,分析了极限流线随迎角的发展过程;给出了25°迎角的横截面流谱,分析了它们的拓扑特征。展示了由主涡涡对、二次涡对和Tertiary涡对等三重涡组成的完整的涡系结构,强调了Tertiary涡在涡系演化中的意义,及其沿轴向发展过程中迹线的合并与分叉现象。计算与实验结果定性一致。     

面向先进飞行器设计的非定常空气动力学

着重综述飞机在大攻角飞行中遇到的非定常气动力问题，同时强调进一步发展非定常空气动力学对先进飞行器设计具有重要意义。     

空袭目标威胁评估模型研究

以航路捷径、目标类型、机动特性、到达发射区近界的剩余时间，以及电子干扰为主要影响因素，结合多通道防空武器系统的特点，建立了基于层次分析法和模糊综合决策法的空袭目标威胁评估模型。用层次分析法确定各因素权重，以分段函数的形式给出权重系数。针对一给定的中程防空武器系统，用模糊统计计算各影响因素的隶属函数，并给出了模型的计算流程。仿真结果表明，所设计的模型能较准确地评估来袭目标的危险性，且具有较高的灵敏度。     

旋成体在无侧滑大攻角下的横向气动力特性

介绍具有尖锥头部细长旋成体（以下简称弹体）在无侧滑下横向气动力随攻角变化特性，其中包括尖锥头部顶角、旋成体长细比、初始滚转角、试验雷诺数诸参数对横向气动特性的影响。还介绍美国ＮＡＳＡ的一篇综合研究报告的部分结果。试验结果表明，在低亚音速下，弹体气动特性对上述诸参数反应极为敏感，有时呈现随机特性。头部加边条、减小长细比或在后体装尾翼，将有助于减弱横向气动力。采用弹体旋转飞行技术，虽然产生Ｍａｇｎｕｓ侧向力，但有效地克服了气动力的随机性。     

量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理的数学推导以及在小波分析中的应用

从傅里叶变换的定义出发,利用时变信号的短时傅里叶变换,推导出量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理,说明了两者之间存在这种联系的必然性,并给出了测不准原理在小波分析中的应用举例。