并列双圆球数值模拟

为了研究不同间距下并列双圆球的相互作用以及对尾涡和湍动能的影响,本文选取在L=2.0~4.0D之间的五个间距进行了数值模拟,计算均在Rep≈1000的条件下进行。结果表明:在流向上,双圆球彼此相互抑制其背风面流体的流向输运;在垂直流向的周向上,并列双圆球彼此增强背风面流体的周向输运。当圆球间距L≥3.0D时出现二次涡。湍动能的增量与圆球间距近似成二次方规律。     

Advances in fabrication of ceramic corundum abrasives based on sol–gel process

Corundum abrasives with good chemical stability can be fabricated into various free abrasives and bonded abrasive tools that are widely used in the precision machining of various parts. However, these abrasives cannot satisfy the machining requirements of difficult-to-machine materials with high hardness, high strength, and strong wearing resistance. Although superhard abrasives can machine the above-mentioned materials, their dressing and manufacturing costs are high. By contrast, ceramic corundum abrasives fabricated by sol–gel method is a cost-effective product between conventional and superhard abrasives. Ceramic corundum abrasives exhibit self-sharpening and high toughness. In this review, the optimization methods of ceramic corundum abrasive properties are introduced from three aspects: precursor synthesis, particle shaping, and sintering. Firstly, the functional mechanism of seeds and additives on the microstructural and mechanical properties of abrasives is analyzed. Specifically, seeds can reduce the phase transition temperature and improve fracture toughness. The grain size and uniformly dense structure can be controlled by applying an appropriate amount of multicomponent additives. Then, the urgent need of engineering application and machinability of special shape ceramic corundum abrasives is reviewed, and three methods of abrasive shaping are summarized. The micromold replication technique is highly advanced and can be used to prepare functional abrasives. Additionally, the influence of a new sintering method, namely, two-step sintering technique, on the microstructural and mechanical performance of ceramic corundum abrasives is summarized. Finally, the challenge and developmental trend of the optimization of ceramic corundum abrasives are prospected.     

A strategic “viewfinder” for SETI research

One of the most important reasons why unsuccessful results have been obtained so far by the SETI Project is due to the fact that no sure targets to aim at have been available up-to the present state of research. All-sky surveys, even if very accurate and complete, might result to be time-consuming. SETI needs at least one effective “viewfinder” in order that a true targeted research is carried out with a possible success. The best foundation to get this can be identified with the search for the evidence of extraterrestrial astro-engineering activity in form of the Dyson spheres predicted by theory. The existence of such stellar objects can be ascertained by finding the evidence of two main signatures in stars of solar spectral type: infrared excess and anomalous light curves due to transiting artificial objects. These are probably the most powerful viewfinders in order to allow SETI techniques for intelligent signal search to be aimed at more appropriate targets. This paper is not intended to be a research paper but rather a review paper whose goal is not to present calculations and/or operational research but rather to be a research proposal for a more focused research in SETI just using Dyson Spheres as crucial markers.     

大粒径聚苯乙烯微球的悬浮聚合反应历程研究

采用悬浮聚合方法制备了粒径约为100~120μm的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球。通过在聚合过程中逐步取样,并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及光学显微镜(OM)等手段研究了样品在不同聚合时期中的微观形貌、粒径及其分布的情况,讨论了悬浮聚合制备大粒径PS微球的反应历程。结果表明:大粒径PS微球的悬浮聚合过程主要经历3阶段:液—液分散期、粒子增长期和粒子恒定期,在特定的聚合时期,微球的生长方式和微观形貌有显著不同。在不同生长时期内通过对聚合反应条件的选择性调节,可实现对最终PS微球的形貌、粒径及其分布的有效控制。     

跨声速高雷诺数圆球绕流的实验研究

本文采用无支撑干扰、洞壁影响很小的带加压抽空系统的弹道靶设备,进行了雷诺数在10~5相似文献   

基于大涡模拟的平流层浮空器气动特性分析

为研究不同球体间距对“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器(SLV)气动特性的影响,采用有限体格式、结构网格和大涡模拟(LES)计算方法求解不可压缩的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,对超临界雷诺数“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器绕流进行数值模拟,并对不同球体间距下的数值计算结果进行详细的分析比较.通过对比试验数据,单球体数值模拟的阻力系数时均值与Achenbach的试验数据一致,验证了计算方法分析超临界雷诺数球体绕流问题的准确性.研究不同间距的双球体阻力变化规律以及振动频谱特性,随上下游球体间距G的增加,合阻力先增大后减小,上游球体的阻力占优振动频率逐渐减小;G=1.5D(D为球体直径)和G=2D时,上下游球体有相同的占优振动频率.随间距G的增加,两球体相互作用与上游球体对下游球体的尾涡结构影响逐渐减弱.      

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

单层密排刚玉球对深层侵彻弹防护效应的试验研究

利用长杆侵彻弹对几种含密排刚玉球层的钢纤维混凝士靶体进行了抗侵彻试验研究。结果表明，含刚玉球层的钢纤维混凝土可以使弹体发生偏转、弯曲，减小弹体的侵彻深度；刚玉球层的位置、以及刚玉球直径的大小对混凝土的抗侵彻性能有较大影响。     

长杆弹侵彻含刚玉球钢纤维砼的数值模拟研究

利用有限元法对长杆弹侵彻钢纤维混凝土以及含刚玉球的钢纤维混凝土靶体进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明，含刚玉球的钢纤维混凝土可以使弹体发生偏转，减小弹体的侵彻深度；刚玉球层的位置和弹体与刚玉球的碰撞角度对弹体的侵彻深度有较大影响。     

一种高散射率PIV实验用示踪粒子的制备

采用化学镀银的方法在空心玻璃微珠表面包覆一层金属银,使其表面具有足够高的光散射效率和合适的密度,作为示踪粒子用在PIV（Particle Image Velocime时）实验中。文中研究了相关化学镀银工艺参数对所制各示踪粒子密度的影响,并对所制各的示踪粒子进行了流场测试评价,结果表明：采用在空心玻璃微珠表面镀银的方法,可以获得性能优异的PIV实验用示踪粒子。