Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

FAST FEATURE RANKING AND ITS APPLICATION TO FACE RECOGNITION

A fast feature ranking algorithm for classification in the presence of high dimensionahty and small sample size is proposed. The basic idea is that the important features force the data points of the same class to maintain their intrinsic neighbor relations, whereas neighboring points of different classes are no longer to stick to one an- other. Applying this assumption, an optimization problem weighting each feature is derived. The algorithm does not involve the dense matrix eigen-decomposition which can be computationally expensive in time. Extensive exper- iments are conducted to validate the significance of selected features using the Yale, Extended YaleB and PIE data- sets. The thorough evaluation shows that, using one-nearest neighbor classifier, the recognition rates using 100-- 500 leading features selected by the algorithm distinctively outperform those with features selected by the baseline feature selection algorithms, while using support vector machine features selected by the algorithm show less prominent improvement. Moreover, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is particularly effi- cient for multi-class face recognition problem.     

温迪·劳伦斯

早期经历：劳伦斯1981年从美国海军学院毕业。1982年7月她作为一名优秀的航校毕业生被任命为一名海军飞行员。她拥有1500个以上的飞行小时，飞过6种机型的直升飞机，进行过800次以上的舰载着陆。她被派驻美国海军第6直升机作战支援中队（HC-6），她是远程部署于印度洋的航空母舰战斗群中最早的2名直升机女驾驶员之一。     

先进反舰导弹ANL选用冲压发动机为动力

最近,法国宇航公司(Aerospatiale)公布了一种新的轻型反舰导弹ANL的情况.该导弹由法宇航公司与西德MBB公司合作研制,拟采用冲压发动机.法宇航公司建议用液体燃料冲压发动机,就像ASMP战术核导弹上用的液体冲压发动机那样,而MBB则建议用固体火箭-冲压发动机.     

亚平宁半岛上空的“猫鼬”

20世纪60年代末是东西方冷战高峰期，西欧国家对华约的装甲突击力量倍感恐惧，为此大力开发各种反装甲武器，并吸取美国在越南战争中使用武装直升机的经验，开始研制反坦克直升飞机，以此来抵消华约的装甲优势。     

SIMULATION OF COMPOSITE NON-LINEAR MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CMCS BY FEM-BASED MULTI- SCALE APPROACH

The non-linear behavior of continuous fiber reinforced C/SiC ceramic matrix composites （CMCs） under tensile loading is modeled by three-dimensional representative volume element （RVE） models of the composite. The theoretical background of the multi-scale approach solved by the finite element method （FEM） is recalled first- ly. Then the geometric characters of three kinds of damage mechanisms, i.e. micro matrix cracks, fiber/matrix interface debonding and fiber fracture, are studied. Three kinds of RVE are proposed to model the microstructure of C/SiC with above damage mechanisms respectively. The matrix cracking is modeled by critical matrix strain en- ergy （CMSE） principle while a maximum shear stress criterion is used for modeling fiber/matrix interface debond- ing. The behavior of fiber fracture is modeled by the famous Weibull statistic theory. A numerical example of con- tinuous fiber reinforced C/SiC composite under tensile loading is performed. The results show that the stress/ strain curve predicted by the developed model agrees with experimental data.     

WIFI AIDED INTEGRITY IMPROVEMENT IN MEMS INS/GNSS INTEGRATION

The reliability of global navigation satellite system （GNSS） positioning degrades when satellite signals are interfered. Such degradation is hard to be deteced by a micro-electro mechanical system （MEMS） based inertial system（INS）/GNSS, integrating navigation system with a conventional Kalman filtering, which results in poten- tial integrity problem of the system. Hence, an algorithm combining wireless fidelity （WiFi） signal with a federa- ted Kalman filter （FKF） is proposed to identify the system integrity in dense urban navigation. The criterion of the system integrity detection is created followed by the derivation of the integrity coefficient. The field test shows that integrity changes can be captured by applying WiFi, and the maximum positioning error is reduced by 67~ without compensation of inertial sensors in integrity deterioration.     

LEVEL DECISION-MAKING FOR AERO-ENGINE MODULES BASED ON INCREMENTAL KNOWLEDGE LEARNING

The maintenance of an aero-engine usually includes three levels, and the maintenance cost and period greatly differ depending on the different maintenance levels. To plan a reasonable maintenance budget program, airlines would like to predict the maintenance level of aero-engine before repairing in terms of performance parame- ters, which can provide more economic benefits. The maintenance level decision rules are mined using the histori- cal maintenance data of a civil aero-engine based on the rough set theory, and a variety of possible models of upda- ting rules produced by newly increased maintenance cases added to the historical maintenance case database are in- vestigated by the means of incremental machine learning. The continuously updated rules can provide reasonable guidance suggestions for engineers and decision support for planning a maintenance budget program before repai- ring. The results of an example show that the decision rules become more typical and robust, and they are more accurate to predict the maintenance level of an aero-engine module as the maintenance data increase, which illus- trates the feasibility of the represented method.     

WAKE GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS FOR TILT-ROTOR USING VISCOUS VORTEX METHOD

A tilt-rotor unsteady flow analytical method has been developed based upon viscous vortex-particle meth- od. In this method, the vorticity field is divided into small assembled vortex particles. Vortex motion and diffusion are obtained by solving the velocity-vorticity-formed incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a grid-free La- grangian simulation method. Generation of the newly vortex particles is calculated by using the Weissinger-L lifting surface model. Furthermore, in order to significantly improve computational efficiency, a fast multiple method （FMM） is introduced into the calculation of induced velocity and its gradient. Finally, the joint vertical experimen- tal （JVX） tilt-rotor is taken as numerical examples to analyze. The wake geometry and downwash are investigated for both hover and airplane modes. The proposed method for tilt-rotor flow analysis is verified by comparing its re- sults with those available measured data. Comparison indicates that the current method can accurately capture the complicated tilt-rotor wake variation and be suitable for aerodynamic interaction simulation in complex environ- ments. Additionally, the aerodynamic interactional characteristics of dual-rotor wake are discussed in different ro- tor distance. Results show that there are significant differences on interactional characteristics between hover mode and airplane mode.     

新一代倾转旋翼直升机

53年前 ,贝尔 47取得适航证 ,成为世界上第一种商用直升机。当时的贝尔 47装的是木质桨叶和老式的弗朗克林活塞发动机 ,但它很快确立了旋翼飞行器的生命力和使用价值。当 195 0年朝鲜战争爆发时 ,只有几百架商用直升机在使用中 ,执行从运送邮件到放牧牛羊的任务。在朝鲜 ,直升机才真正进入兴旺时期。涡轮发动机给直升机带来可靠性和所需要的功率 ,使它的速度和起重能力得以大幅提高。今天 ,倾转旋翼飞机正处于破晓时期 ,这无疑是垂直起落技术的又一次大飞跃。尽管倾转旋翼飞机永远不会全盘替代传统的直升机 ,但是它在今后三四十年里将大大地…