Role of Equatorial Anomaly in Earthquake time precursive features: A few strong events over West Pacific zone

The earthquake (EQ) time coupling processes between equator-low-mid latitude ionosphere are complex due to inherent dynamical status of each latitudinal zone and qualified geomagnetic roles working in the system. In an attempt to identify such process, the paper presents temporal and latitudinal variations of ionization density (foF₂) covering 45°N to 35°S, during a number of earthquake events (M?>?5.5). The approaches adopted for extraction of features by the earthquake induced preparatory processes are discussed in the paper through identification of parameters like the ‘EQ time modification in density gradient’ defined by δ?=?(foF_{2 max}???foF_{2 min})∕τ_mm, where τ_mm – time span (in days) between EQ modified density maximum and minimum, and the Earthquake time Equatorial Anomaly, i.e. EEA, one of the most significant phenomenon which develops even during night time irrespective of epicenter position. Based on the observations, the paper presents the seismic time coupling dynamics through anomaly like manifestations between equator, low and mid latitude ionosphere bringing in the global Total Electron Content (TEC) features as supporting indices.     

The effect of small vibrations on Marangoni convection and the free surface of a liquid bridge

The effects of small vibrations on Marangoni convection were investigated experimentally using a liquid bridge of 5 cSt silicone oil with a disk diameter of 7.0 mm, and an aspect ratio close to 0.5. Experiments were performed to determine the critical temperature difference data for no vibration case and with small vibrations applied. The experimental results have shown that the effect of small vibrations on the onset of oscillatory flow is small since the critical temperature difference data for different aspect ratios were not affected by the vibrations. To clarify the surface oscillation phenomena induced by external vibrations, a 3-D numerical simulation model was also developed using a level set algorithm to predict the surface oscillations of isothermal silicone oil bridges. By subjecting the liquid bridge to small vibrations, the surface oscillation characteristics were predicted numerically, and the numerical results compared well with the predictions of an analytical model proposed previously. Furthermore, the effect of small vibrations on the surface vibration amplitude of the liquid bridge is also discussed.     

A theoretical assessment of the feasibility of potential Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter radio occultation observations of the lunar ionosphere

The existence of a “dense” lunar ionosphere has been controversial for decades. Positive ions produced from the lunar surface and exosphere are inferred to have densities that are $?$${10}^6$ – ${10}^7$ m^?3 near the surface and smaller at higher altitudes, yet electron densities derived from radio occultation measurements occasionally exceed these values by orders of magnitude. For example, about 4% of the single-spacecraft radio occultation measurements from Kaguya/SELENE were consistent with peak electron densities of $~$$3\times {10}^8$ m^?3. Space plasmas should be neutral on macroscopic scales, so this represents a substantial discrepancy. Aditional observations of electron densities in the lunar ionosphere are critical to resolving this longstanding paradox. Here we theoretically assess whether radio occultation observations using two-way coherent S-band radio signals from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft could provide useful measurements of electron densities in the lunar ionosphere. We predict the uncertainty in a single LRO radio occultation measurement of electron density to be $~$$3\times {10}^8$ m^?3, comparable to occasional observations by Kaguya/SELENE of a dense lunar ionosphere. Thus an individual profile from LRO is unlikely to reliably detect the lunar ionosphere; however, averages of multiple ($~$10) LRO profiles acquired under similar geophysical and viewing conditions should be able to make reliable detections. An observing rate of six ingress occultations per day ($~$2000 per year) could be achieved with minimal impact on current LRO operations. This rate compares favorably with the 378 observations reported from the single-spacecraft experiment on Kaguya/SELENE between November 2007 and June 2009. The large number of observations possible for LRO would be sufficient to permit wide-ranging investigations of spatial and temporal variations in the poorly understood lunar ionosphere. These findings strengthen efforts to conduct such observations with LRO.     

南极长城站电离层变化的数值模拟

南极长城站夏季电离层日变化具有Weddell海异常现象．本文利用一个一维时变理论模式，对长城站夏季电离层f0F2和hm日变化进行了数值模拟.我们讨论了中性风和顶部输运通量对f0F2和hm的影响，认为模拟计算得到的f0F2值比实测值要大的一个主要原因是国际参考电离层给出的上边界值偏大.文章最后介绍了一个获得实际的f0F2和hm的方法.     

中国夏季E_s出现概率的分布(f_0E_s>7MHz)

在“CCIR”534-1号报告(以下简称“CCIR”)中,提供了全球性E,出现概率的分布,见图1     

测量透明位相物场的激光纹影-散斑干涉系统(英文)

本文给出了诊断相位场,如燃烧、对流、自由射流、超声速流场和等离子体等的一种激光纹影-散斑干涉系统。利用这套光学系统可在同一瞬时获得流场的散斑图和与之相应的剪切干涉图。作为实验,对一非定常波动的火焰(本生灯)进行了测试,实验表明用散斑照相术有可能得到密度波动的湍流场的定量结果;作为定量测试,对一沿竖直平板的自然对流,同时应用散斑照相和差纹影干涉术进行了定量分析,其结果的一致性很好。本文最后给出了散斑图的傅氏变换空间滤波的全场类似子纹影干涉图的流场显示照片。     

低Re数管内强化对流传热实验研究

分别应用螺旋线圈和扭带作为插入物，在Ｒｅ≤２．０×１０３下，研究管内水与管壁的传热强化，与光管传热作了比较分析。并归纳出强化传热Ｎｕ数及流动阻力系数ζ随Ｒｅ的变化规律，反映出螺旋线圈和扭带在低Ｒｅ下有不同程度的强化传热效果，但也相应地增加了流动阻力。文中对两种强化传热元件也作了相应的比较。     

考虑凝固收缩作用的凝固过程及其液相流动的有限元计算模型

当要考虑凝固收缩作用所带来的密度变化时，至今所得出的凝固过程及其液相流动数学模型在应用有限元方法进行计算机模拟时有困难。通过建立Ａ变量及与速度的关系，提出了以固液两相区微元体守恒性分析为基础，建立了质量、动量、能量方程式。     

用电离层特性参量提取等效风场信息

导出了利用中低纬电离层特性参量获取电离层F层峰区高度上等效风场（包含电场和风场信息在内）的基本方程，并尝试用该方法从电离层特性参量（峰高和临频）提取等效风场信息，利用武汉站DGS-256电离层数字测高仪数据及由美国Massachusetts Lowell大学最新版的剖面反演程序换算得到F层峰高，获得了武汉地区夏季至日点附近，冬季至日点附近，冬季地磁特别宁静的九天和冬季平均等效风场的初步特征，并利用Fejer经验电场模式计算冬季电场引起的垂直漂移，估计电场和风场对武汉地区的垂直等效风场的贡献大小，结果表明：等效风场呈现出白天与夜晚幅度和方向的差异。至日点附近冬季与夏季白天的幅度差异以及明显的凌晨凹陷现象；平均情况下，垂直等效风场幅度和方向的变化主要是由中性风引起，受电场的影响不大。