悬索桥的风致振动分析

系统分析悬索桥的颤振稳定性，抖振响应和涡激共振，以Ｓｃａｎｌａｎ Ｒ Ｈ提出的分离流三维颤抖振理论和半经验非线性涡激力假设为基础，分别用频域和时域方法，建立气动弹性模型。频域中用Ｖ－ｇ法和统计方法求解颤抖振。时域中用根轨迹法确定颤振，用求解Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ矩阵方程的方法确定抖振响应，通过对实际悬索桥的分析，两种方法得到了比较一致的结果。     

防止Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡技术的研究

许多严重的飞行事故都与由速率限制引起的Ⅱ型PIO有关。针对如何预防PIO，首先介绍了自适应杆增益和软件限制环节的设计原理。然后以某带速率限制的电传飞机为例，运用同一理论，分析采用自适应杆增益和软件限制环节来改善速率限制的不利影响。仿真结果表明，自适应杆增益环节和软件限制环节都能抑制住PIO的发生，但两者组合加入抑制效果更好，飞行品质也能达到满意的程度。     

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.     

振动建筑中人的烦恼率

现有的结构振动舒适度验算方法的最大问题是无法定量知道实际设计效果，针对这个问题，本文首先从心理物理学的角度研究了人对振动主观反应的模糊性和随机性，结合国内外有关实验研究，给出了上述不确定性的模糊属度函数和概率分布形式；然后把心理物理学对烦恼率的计算方法移植到结构振动舒适性设计中去，建立了相应的烦恼率计算模型；最后，结合高层建筑风振舒适度问题对该模型的合理性和有效性进行了研究，并把计算结果与实测结果与实测数据以及ISO标准进行了比较，结果表明用烦恼率方法最大的优点是能够非常准确地预测出因风振舒适度导致的不满人数的比例，而且与ISO标准具有很好的一致性。     

全权限数字电子控制器雷电试验方法研究

在分析机载设备雷电感应敏感度试验相关标准的基础上,对全权限数字电子控制器雷电间接效应试验方法进行研究。对雷电间接效应耦合方式进行了分类,并以某型全权限数字电子控制器为例,介绍了数字电子控制器雷电感应瞬态敏感度试验波形组、试验电平选择方法及试验过程。并对空客和波音公司机载设备雷电感应瞬态敏感度试验方法做了初步介绍。研究成果可供制定机载设备雷电防护要求及试验方案时参考。     

翼尖装置优化设计研究

使用面元法气动分析软件VSAERO对机翼与翼梢小翼组合体模型进行数值模拟,并采用Steve Smith提出的诱导阻力优化方法对翼梢小翼的定位进行优化设计。结果表明,能够有效地预测出翼梢小翼的最优定位,在翼梢小翼优化设计中具有很好的适用性。     

现代飞机俯仰跟踪时诱发振荡预测分析

根据飞机纵向ＰＩＯ的特点，提出了预测分析ＰＩＯ所用的人－机闭环系统数学模型，其中飞机采用等效系统数学模型，驾驶员操纵采用ＭｃＲｕｅｒ模型，参数按地面人－机模拟飞行跟踪试验确定，集中介绍了四种飞机纵向ＰＩＯ预测准则，Ｓｍｉｔｈ－Ｇｅｄｄｅｓ准则，修正带宽准则，增益，相位裕度准则，Ｎｅａｌ－Ｓｍｉｔｈ原则，并提供了相应的计算方法。     

驾驶员诱发振荡的抑制方法

对电传操纵系统驾驶员诱发振荡（ＰＩＯ）的现象进行了分析，指出了舵回路速率饱和是造成ＰＩＯ的主要原因，并有针对对给出了一种非常规的用于解决饱和非线性问题的程序控制方法。这种方法主要是通过舵回路反馈的状态信息来改变驾驶杆输入信号的放大系数，从而达到有效抑制ＰＩＯ的目的，同时用Ｈｕｒｗｉｔｚ稳定判据进行了机理分析，最后给出了仿真验证结果，证明该方法是简单而有效的。     

飞机纵向驾驶员诱发振荡灵敏度分析

采用系统灵敏度理论，以修正的带宽准则，增益和相位裕度准则以及Ｎｅａｌ－ｓｍｉｔｈ准则等飞机纵向驾驶员诱发振荡（ＰＩＯ）预测准则作为系统指标，建立了参数变化对诱发振荡预测指标影响的灵敏度公式，以ＪＪ７飞机为例，给出了飞机，操纵系统及驾驶员参数上述指标影响的灵敏度，根据计算结果进行了ＰＩＯ参数敏度预测分析，同时与数值仿真结果进行了对比分析。     

Controlling factors of Region 2 field-aligned current and its relationship to the ring current: Model results

One essential component of magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling is the closure of the ring current through Region 2 field-aligned current (FAC). Using the Comprehensive Ring Current Model (CRCM), which includes magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling by solving the kinetic equation of ring current particles and the closure of the electric currents between the two regions, we have investigated the effects of high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity, plasma sheet density and different magnetic field models on the development of Region 2 field-aligned currents, and the relationship between R2 FACs and the ring current. It is shown that an increase in high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity or plasma sheet density generally results in an increase in Region 2 FACs’ intensity, but R2 FACs display different local time and latitudinal distributions for changes in each parameter due to the different mechanisms involved. Our simulation results show that the magnetic field configuration of the inner magnetosphere is also an important factor in the development of Region 2 field-aligned current. More numerical experiments and observational results are needed in further our understanding of the complex relationship of the two current systems.