利用旋转基线方法进行双星快速定向

我国双星定位系统载波相位可观测信息少，且对地静止，难以直接利用传统的多星系统(GPS、GLONASS等)解模糊方法进行双星定向。针对此种情况，提出了一种旋转基线确定单差模糊度参数初值的方法，总定向时间不超过50秒，从而可实现双星快速定向。并且通过多位置观测，具备一定的周跳检测能力。进行了仿真实验，结果表明：当基线长度为2米，原始载波相位测量精度为1％周时，定向精度优于偏航角0．045度、俯仰角0．048度。该项技术应用于惯导系统的初始对准，可实现快速寻北，大幅减少其对准时间。此外，与双星无源定位系统结合，可组建一套我国完全自主的无源快速定位定向系统，大大提高了隐蔽性，对于我军的炮兵阵地联测意义重大。进一步，将双星与INS进行组合导航，应用前景广阔，因此该项技术具有较深的研究开发潜力。     

液体火箭发动机运动循环参数通用计算方法的研究

本文运用网络分析和图论的数学方法，建立起一个能计算各种动力循环方案参数的通用计算模型；同时，为了确保计算的准确、顺利进行，提出了控制参数的概念。最后编制了一个实用的通用计算软件，并用它对不同动力循环方案进行了计算     

Present-Day Sea Level Change: Observations and Causes

We investigate climate-related processes causing variations of the global mean sea level on interannual to decadal time scale. We focus on thermal expansion of the oceans and continental water mass balance. We show that during the 1990s where global mean sea level change has been measured by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry, thermal expansion is the dominant contribution to the observed 2.5 mm/yr sea level rise. For the past decades, exchange of water between continental reservoirs and oceans had a small, but not totally negligible contribution (about 0.2 mm/yr) to sea level rise. For the last four decades, thermal contribution is estimated to about 0.5 mm/yr, with a possible accelerated rate of thermosteric rise during the 1990s. Topex/Poseidon shows an increase in mean sea level of 2.5 mm/yr over the last decade, a value about two times larger than reported by historical tide gauges. This would suggest that there has been significant acceleration of sea level rise in the recent past, possibly related to ocean warming. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

智能手机广域精密定位研究

智能手机作为位置服务的重要载体，由于其天线结构等因素，导致利用手机原始观测值进行定位不能满足高精度定位的需求。针对这一问题，提出了利用广域增强技术，提高手机单频原始观测值实时定位精度的方法。首先，针对手机观测值周跳较为严重的问题，对单频载波相位观测值进行了周跳探测。然后，利用手机观测值获取的伪距、载波相位以及IGS站播发的轨道和钟差改正实现增强定位。实验结果表明，定位精度收敛到1m约需要20min，收敛后水平方向和垂直方向精度分别提高了66.7%和28.9%，平面精度达到1.5m。     

Sunspot cycle 23 descent to an unusual minimum and forecasts for cycle 24 activity

The decay phase of the sunspot cycle 23 exhibited two unusual features. First, it lasted too long. Second, the interplanetary magnetic field intensity at earth orbit reached the lowest value since in situ measurements in space began in October 1963. These physical anomalies significantly altered the early forecasts for the sunspot activity parameters for cycle 24, made by several colleagues. We note that there was a significant change in the solar behavior during cycle 22. We discuss the observed trends and their effect on our empirical solar activity forecast technique, leading to our prediction for cycle 24 parameters; cycle 24 will be only half as active as cycle 23, reaching its peak in May 2013. We speculate on the possible implications of this outcome on future earth climate change and the ensuing socio-economic consequences.     

深冷组合循环发动机吸气模态循环分析与设计可行域研究

为了研究类似SABRE3结构的深冷组合循环发动机,建立了基于部件法的发动机设计点热力学计算模型,提出了发动机氦循环新的循环效率和循环特征参数的定义。考虑发动机参数的物理限制条件及不同工质循环之间的相互影响,求解得到了空气路、氦气路重要参数的设计可行域。在可行域内开展了空气路和氦气路的循环分析,获到了冷却当量比、性能参数等主要参数的分布结果。结果表明:此发动机空气热功转换比ηt2为0.02～0.746。氦循环设计可行域受ηt2及换热器热负荷限制;循环起始温度和热负荷限制确定的情况下,ηt2越低氦循环可行域越窄。降低发动机冷却当量比的关键是:提高换热器1的氦出口温度以降低氦流量;当换热器1和换热器2的氦出口温度同时取得最大值时,冷却当量比取得最小值。换热器1和2的氦出口温度分别取1200K和1300K时,空气路可行域内冷却当量比为0.917～2.64。     

An empirical approach to predicting the key parameters for a sunspot number cycle

The common methodologies used to predict the smooth sunspot number (SSN) at peak (Rmax) and the rise time (Tr) for a cycle are noted. The estimates based on geomagnetic precursors give the best prediction of Rmax for five SSN cycles (20–24). In particular, an empirical technique invoking three-cycle quasi-periodicity (TCQP) in Ap index has made accurate predictions of Rmax and Tr for two consecutive SSN cycles (23 and 24). The dynamo theories are unable to account for TCQP. If it endures in the 21st century the Sun shall enter a Dalton-like grand minimum. It was a period of global cooling. The current status of the ascending phase of cycle 24 is described and the delayed reversal of the solar polar field reversal in the southern hemisphere in September 2013 is noted.     

载波相位辅助的GPS动态单点定位算法综述

对载波相位辅助条件下应用于全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）动态单点定位的各种算法进行了综合分析与比较。首先简要介绍定位算法中的基本公式与观测模型;然后分别对周跳修复与滤波解算两部分所应用的各种算法进行详细介绍并比较其性能与适用范围;最后对尚待解决的问题及可能的发展方向进行了总结。     

航天工程地面测控软件的软件生存周期模型

软件生存周期模型(Software Life Cycle Model)是用于描述软件从开始研制到退出应用全过程中,各种活动如何执行的范化模型。对于航天工程地面测控软件,瀑布模型、演化模型、螺旋模型、原型模型等传统模型往往不能非常有效地适应其特性,存在一定的困难和问题。本文结合这些经典软件生存周期模型,在分析航天工程地面测控软件高可靠、需求易变等特点的基础上,提出了更具针对性的生存周期模型——构造增量模型。     

涡轮基组合动力与火箭的耦合特性分析及匹配优化设计

基于高斯伪谱航迹优化方法,建立了"火箭辅助型涡轮基组合动力"的飞行器/推进系统匹配分析方法,针对地面水平起降、以马赫数5巡航的高超声速飞行器,以巡航航程最远为目标,完成了涡轮基组合动力（TBCC）与火箭的耦合特性分析及匹配优化设计。研究结果表明：对于可行的TBCC方案（起飞推重比为1.0）,引入合适推力的火箭有助于提升加速爬升段的总效率并降低质量消耗,且对巡航航程有着一定的提升（4%起飞重量推力火箭可增加航程0.97%）;对于不可行的TBCC方案（起飞推重比为0.8）,引入火箭不仅可实现推进系统方案的收敛,且其巡航航程相比可行的TBCC方案最多可增加7.9%。考虑到TBCC较大的"死重"和较低的单位迎面推力对巡航性能的不利影响,结构质量占比为25%的巡航型飞行器建议采用"13%起飞重量推力火箭辅助起飞推重比为0.7的TBCC "推进系统。相比之下,结构质量占比为55%的加速型飞行器建议采用" 5%起飞重量推力火箭辅助起飞推重比为0.98的TBCC"推进系统。