利用自然能的轨迹可控临近空间浮空器初步设计

文章针对现有临近空间浮空器持久区域驻留期间面临的“超热”、“超压”和抗风机动飞行对材料和能源技术的挑战,提出一种充分利用自然界热能和准零风层风场环境的新型临近空间浮空器技术方案。文章分别介绍了新型临近空间浮空器的工作原理、系统组成、功能特点和飞行操控策略;通过浮空器热建模仿真分析和参数总体设计,研究了主气囊热控参数、浮空器白天和夜间“超热”能力,以及浮空器体积规模之间的耦合关系。结果表明,通过主气囊热控参数优化设计,可使浮空器白天“超热”值在100K以上,夜间“超热”值在20K以上,并给出了20~80K“超热”范围内的新型浮空器总体参数设计结果,这些结果满足浮空器高度调节所需浮升能力变化要求。     

利用自然能临近空间浮空器的热特性分析

为解决临近空间浮空器驻留期间面临的“超热”、“超压”和“定点抗风”等难题,研究了一种新型的临近空间浮空器,其利用自然界的热能和风能,变“不利”为“有利”,通过简易可行的技术手段实现飞行高度和轨迹的控制,从而实现持久区域驻留。首先建立该新型浮空器的稳态热平衡模型并进行超热值的估算,然后分析系统参数。计算结果表明蒙皮的太阳吸收率和红外发射率对超热值有着重要影响,合理地选择热控涂层可以满足该新型浮空器的设计要求。     

平流层浮空器快速部署平台的建模与仿真

针对目前平流层浮空器的部署方案中存在着放飞条件限制较多、升空过程中风险较大和部署时间较长等风险和不足,基于弾载弹射技术提出一种新型浮空器快速部署方案。该方案通过运载器将部署平台投放到预定空域,系统经过分离、减速伞减速、空中充气、展开等阶段,完成浮空平台的快速部署。通过分析系统构成和工作流程,建立了能够反映充气展开过程中,伞-艇-充气机构相互作用的多体动力学模型,并通过仿真计算校验了系统方案的可行性。研究结果表明：该方案能够实现平流层浮空器全天候快速部署。     

A simple model to predict solar radiation under clear sky conditions

Solar radiation is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats in the daytime and the primary energy source of high altitude long endurance aerostats. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an accurate model to predict the solar irradiances. A comprehensive review of the well-known solar radiation models is conducted to help develop the new model. Based on the analysis of the existing models and the available radiation data, the extensive computer tests of the regression and optimization are conducted, from which the new solar radiation model for direct and diffuse irradiances under clear sky conditions is proposed. The new model has excellent prediction accuracy. The coefficient of determination for direct radiation is 0.992, with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 16.9 W/m² and the mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.2%. The coefficient of determination for diffuse radiation is 0.86, with RMSE = 8.7 W/m² and MAE = 9.9%. Comparisons with the well-known existing models show that the new model is much more accurate than the best existing ones.     

Venus atmospheric platform options revisited

Various balloon systems intended as scientific platforms to float in the atmosphere of Venus at altitudes between about 35 and 65 km are briefly reviewed. Previous predictions of the altitude oscillations of balloons filled with helium gas and water vapor are largely confirmed through numerical simulation and analysis. The need for refined thermal modelling is emphasised. Several novel technical concepts are introduced. It is concluded that phase change balloons would be more suitable than non-condensing super pressure gas balloons when repeated altitude excursions are a mission requirement.     

一种基于滑窗的余度指令判别算法

在对关键指令进行接收处理时,往往需要增加对该类指令的判断,防止因为人为错误行为或是外界干扰造成意外事故。比较常见的有"3"判"2"或者"5"判"3"甚至更大数量的余度指令判别法,但是这些普通的判别法在某些情况下会失效。以浮空器为应用背景,提出了一种基于滑窗的余度指令判别算法。在大量的测试用例下,算法执行成功,结论证实该算法具有一定工程应用前景。     

快速部署浮空器总体技术研究

快速部署浮空器通过运载器将部署平台投放到预定空域,经过分离、减速伞减速、空中充气、展开等阶段,快速完成浮空平台在平流层的部署,可以实现突发灾难区域的应急通信、应急观测、应急监控等功能,能有效弥补目前平流层浮空器放飞条件限制多、升空过程风险大和部署时间长的不足。对其系统组成、优势进行了介绍,对总体技术进行了研究设计及初步分析验证,并围绕浮力体形式、浮力体充气气体、浮力体表面材料、浮力体载重能力、浮空器分离过程等关键技术开展研究。     

Dynamic simulation of breakaway characteristics of tethered aerostats

A tethered aerostat may break away due to the cable damage caused by abrasion or strong wind. In order to avoid losing the aerostat, the discharge valve will open automatically when the aerostat escapes into the air. It is necessary to know its breakaway characteristics because it is different from those of the launch process. This work develops the dynamic and thermal models for tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics with the finite difference method. Based on the developed models, a computer program in FORTRAN is developed. Then, the program is used to simulate tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics, including ascent and descent behaviors, flight altitude, flight duration, and the influence of the discharge valve characteristics, ascent velocity and hull volume on the hull overpressure. The simulation results are helpful for better understanding tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics and for developing tethered aerostat breakaway control strategies and systems.     

A new model for atmospheric radiation under clear sky condition at various altitudes

Atmospheric radiation is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats. A high-performance model is needed to evaluate the atmospheric radiation. Based on the atmospheric radiation database containing 24,862 data points compiled from 7 stations with the elevation from sea level to 2373 m and the reference code MODTRAN, a new atmospheric radiation model is proposed using regression and optimization software. It has excellent prediction accuracy with the coefficient of determination of 0.94, the root mean square error of 15.1 W/m², and the mean absolute percentage error of 4.13% for the database. Comparison with the well-known existing model shows that the new model has the highest prediction accuracy. The new model predictions agree with the MODTRAN calculations at various altitudes very well, and thus it can be used for estimating the thermal performances of a high altitude aerostat.