Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

空间站大型伸展机构的运动稳定性分析

从空间站大型伸展机构的运动特点和系统动力学方程出发，着重分析了该系统的稳定性判据。这一问题又可分为五个方面：姿态-伸展-振动耦合系统的分析方法，复杂大系统的分解集结方法，时滞系统和滞后系统的稳定性问题，Stick-Ship运动对系统对系统稳定性的影响，非线性非定常系数稳定性的一般解。其中还对接触、摩擦、碰撞问题，变拓扑系统，非光滑动力学系统等进行了专门的研究，分析了Lyapunov指数方法在这些特殊系统中的适应性。本文对空间站大型伸展机构的稳定性问题进行了较全面的分析，指出了目前在处理这类复杂大系统时存在的一些难点问题，为其设计和研制工作提出了理论基础。     

月面软着陆探测器地面力学试验方法研究

月面软着陆探测器的主要任务是携带有效载荷实现在月球表面的安全着陆,其经历的主要过程包括发射段、地月转移段、近月制动段、环月段、着陆段和月面工作段。软着陆探测器面临的月球环境比近地轨道卫星复杂得多。为提高软着陆探测器系统的可靠性,必须进行充分的地面试验,验证软着陆探测器的设计合理性。文章分析了月球软着陆探测器在各飞行过程中面临的力学环境,分析了力学环境对探测器系统的影响及作用效果,提出软着陆探测器需完成的地面力学试验项目,设计相应的试验方法,并给出确定试验量级的基本原则。     

低轨道卫星GPS精密定轨动力学方法的研究

结合低轨卫星简化动力学定轨算法,以及不同几何信息精度条件下的纯几何定轨和动力定轨精度比较,定量分析星载双频GPS实现精密定轨过程中的主要因素,得到星载GPS接收机性能设计所需的关键技术指标,为卫星精密定轨系统的顶层设计提供了科学合理的参考依据。     

Energetic particles at high latitudes

We review work on diffusion coefficients of energetic particles with an attempt to extract implications on their behaviour at high latitudes. In the ecliptic plane results from solar energetic particle propagation between the Sun and about 5 AU can be described by an effective radial mean free path _r which is approximately constant as a function of distancer. When particle propagation in three dimensions in the heliosphere is considered it is not sufficient to consider _r only. Jovian electrons can be used as probes to determine the parameters of three-dimensional diffusion. In the polar regions diffusion is dominated by its parallel component. Some predictions how should vary with latitude are discussed. For different choices of this variation we present expectations for intensity-time profiles of solar particle events during the Ulysses polar passages.     

翼板颤振主动抑制的无限维非线性分析

 <正> 1.混合动力学系统的Hopf分叉定理 本文将Marsden-McCracken关于分布参数的Hopf分叉定理推广至混合动力学系统。 设在积空间X=E×R~n中依赖参数μ的演化方程为     

位标器陀螺转子的动平衡

阐述了具有阿基米德螺旋线图案的位标器的基本原理及其运动规律，并说明这种陀螺转子的振动与绕动的平衡原理与方法。     

直升机“地面共振”力学模型的探讨

 <正> I_B 桨叶绕垂直铰的转动惯量I_(?),I_(?),I_(?) 机身绕过其重心O的x,y,z 轴的转动惯量ι 桨叶长度m_B 单片桨叶的质量     

PBT弹性体力学性能及低温脆性研究

采用一步法制备了热固性3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)弹性体,并对其氢键结构、应力-应变关系和动态力学性能及低温脆性进行了研究。结果表明,合成的PBT弹性体拉伸强度和断裂伸长率在DEG羟基含量为35%、R=0.97时,可达2.51 MPa和1 274%,玻璃化温度为-34.5℃。高DEG含量的PBT弹性体脆化参数较低,与常温力学性能变化规律相反。因此,引入低温脆化参数,对PBT弹性体的性能优化具有积极意义。     

基于确定学习理论的轴流压气机系统分岔预测

针对轴流压气机系统中的分岔预测问题,基于简化的Moore-Greitzer 3阶压气机模型,分析了该系统中存在的分岔现象;利用最新发展的确定学习理论,对压气机系统随着γ参数变化出现的几种典型模态的相关系统动态进行辨识,并将所学知识保存成常值RBF神经网络以构成模式库;利用该模式库构建1组嵌入了常值RBF神经网络的动态估计器;将测试模式与估计器相比,得到1组残差,并利用动态模式识别方法的残差最小原则实现了对Pitchfork分岔的预测。