超声速边界层转捩拟序结构大涡模拟

针对超声速边界层转捩问题，以五阶迎风和六阶对称紧致格式数值求解三维可压缩滤波Navier-Stokes方程，对马赫数4．5，雷诺数10000的空间发展超声速平板边界层的谐波扰动转捩问题进行了大涡模拟。时间推进采用紧致存储三阶Runge-Kutta方法，亚格子尺度模型为修正Smagorinsky涡粘性模型。通过入口叠加一对线性最不稳定第一模态斜波扰动的方法，得到了从线性，弱非线性扰动增长、交替A涡结构出现到演化为发卡涡的转捩过程；针对剪切层结构等现象，给出了该转捩拟序运动的详细讨论。比较显示，转捩结构及摩擦系数曲线等同理论分析吻合。     

Transition region line-shifts in the rebound shock spicule model

Spectral emission lines created in the solar chromosphere — corona transition region show net red-shifts. It has been proposed that this may be the result of the return of spicular material. We simulate a spicule numerically using the rebound shock model and find that the resulting hydrodynamic evolution leads to a perceived up-flow in transition region spectral lines even though the average velocity in the line forming region is directed downward. The explanation for this apparent paradox is found in the correlation between density and velocity in the waves generated by the rebound shock spicule.     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

热膜测试技术在涡轮叶栅边界层测量中的应用

为了更加精确地测量附面层流动状态,并验证表面热膜测试技术的可靠性,利用表面热膜测量了低雷诺数定常来流条件下高负荷涡轮叶栅通道内叶片吸力面附面层的流动状态,并与表面静压实验测得结果进行对比。结果表明,利用表面热膜测得的准壁面剪切力以及相关的统计参数能够准确捕捉到附面层分离泡和转捩的位置,对于高负荷低压涡轮叶型附面层流动测量是可靠有效的。     

Detonation engine fed by acetylene–oxygen mixture

The advantages of a constant volume combustion cycle as compared to constant pressure combustion in terms of thermodynamic efficiency has focused the search for advanced propulsion on detonation engines. Detonation of acetylene mixed with oxygen in various proportions is studied using mathematical modeling. Simplified kinetics of acetylene burning includes 11 reactions with 9 components. Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is obtained in a cylindrical tube with a section of obstacles modeling a Shchelkin spiral; the DDT takes place in this section for a wide range of initial mixture compositions. A modified ka-omega turbulence model is used to simulate flame acceleration in the Shchelkin spiral section of the system. The results of numerical simulations were compared with experiments, which had been performed in the same size detonation chamber and turbulent spiral ring section, and with theoretical data on the Chapman–Jouguet detonation parameters.     

低雷诺数涡轮叶片边界层转捩及分离特性测量

低雷诺数工作条件下涡轮流场特征及其控制设计,是航空发动机低压涡轮部件设计的难点和重点。针对低雷诺数涡轮叶栅流场开展了实验研究工作,利用油流显示、表面静压、边界层压力探针等测量手段研究了涡轮叶片边界层的分离和转捩。结果表明雷诺数降低导致了流动损失的增大,且存在一个临界雷诺数。当雷诺数小于临界雷诺数时,发生在吸力面的流动分离是开式的层流分离泡,不会再附与叶片;当雷诺数大于临界雷诺数时,分离流会在尾缘前重新附着于叶片吸力面,形成闭式分离泡。随着雷诺数的减小,出口尾迹变宽,出口流动损失、出口速度亏损和出口气流角偏离增大,尾迹中心向吸力面方向移动。     

自抗扰控制算法在发动机加力过渡态控制中的应用

主要研究了航空发动机加力过渡态控制的新方法。在不改变原有发动机控制结构的基础上,提出了一种增广LQR法(Augmented Linear Quadratic regulator-ALQR)综合ADRC(Active Disturbance Rejection Control)干扰补偿控制的算法(简称ALQR+ADRC),该算法除了有原ALQR控制所具备的强的消除静差能力之外,还兼具AD-RC优良的干扰补偿能力。通过模拟快速进入/退出发动机加力过渡态过程,验证了该算法具有理想的控制效果,能够较好地协调加力燃油供给和喷口开张,在整个过渡态过程中对核心机工作有较小的影响。     

太阳宁静区磁漏斗结构的扩展特征

通过对观测的光球纵向磁场进行势场外推, 重构了一个太阳宁静区光球以上的磁场结构. 结果显示, 在20 Mm 以下, 开放磁力线呈现多个明显的小磁漏斗结构, 这些小磁漏斗结构随高度扩展, 并且在20 Mm 左右融合成大的漏斗结构. 通过系统地研究磁漏斗结构横截面积随高度的变化趋势, 发现太阳宁静区磁漏斗结构的截面积随高度近似线性扩展, 磁漏斗结构在较低高度上(<20Mm) 扩展的速度比在较高高度上 (>20Mm) 扩展的速度要快. 这一结果对太阳风起源和磁环中物质流动的二维数值模拟具有重要的意义. 同时还发现, 闭合磁力线的数目随高度以指数函数的形式减少.      

低压涡轮叶型边界层相互作用的数值模拟

基于Lantry-Menter转捩模型,应用商用流体计算软件求解非定常雷诺平均N-S方程组,对进口雷诺数为2.5×104,来流湍流度为2.5%,尾迹折合频率为0.92状态下的尾迹/PAK-B叶型边界层的相互作用进行了数值模拟。数值计算揭示的尾迹在叶栅通道中的输运特性、尾迹诱导卷起涡形成、尾迹诱导边界层转捩等物理机制大致符合相关实验定性描述。     

Experimental investigation of boundary layer transition over a delta wing at Mach number 6

An experimental study on the boundary layer transition over a delta wing was carried out at Mach number 6 in a quiet wind tunnel. The Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature-Sensitive Paints (TSP) techniques were used to measure the fine flow field structure and the wall Stanton number of the delta wing. The influence of factors such as the angle of attack and the Reynolds number was studied. The following results were obtained. The boundary layer transition between the leading edge and the centerline was dominated by the crossflow instability. At the location of the initial appearance of the traveling crossflow waves, the Stanton number began to rise. The Stanton number reached a maximum when the crossflow waves were broken up to turbulence. Increasing the angle of attack increased the spanwise pressure gradient at the windward side of the delta wing, thereby increasing the crossflow instability and advancing the boundary layer transition front. However, increasing the angle of attack caused the transition front to move backward at the leeward side. In addition, the sensitivity of the boundary layer transition to the Reynolds number varied with the angle of attack and the region.