An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However,the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis（SPECAN） technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling（CS） algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations（FFTs） is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

基于DPCA算法的星载多通道TOPSAR成像方法

方位向DPCA多通道技术能够提高星载TOPSAR模式的方位分辨率,但TOPSAR回波信号的场景多普勒频谱混叠和方位非均匀采样给多通道TOPSAR成像带来了困难。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于DPCA算法的星载多通道TOPSAR成像方法。该方法通过调整方位向发射/接收子孔径的等效相位中心位置,使等效相位中心分布基本满足均匀采样的要求,同时利用复制拼接的方法解决了TOPSAR多普勒频谱混叠问题,最后利用改进的SPECAN算法完成聚焦成像。该成像方法避免了方位向多通道非均匀采样信号的重构操作,同时复制拼接操作和改进的SPECAN算法避免了方位向数据分块操作和方位时域的扩展。点目标和分布目标的仿真结果验证了提出的成像方法。     

一种横向机动弹道下SAR成像算法

针对横向机动弹道下SAR成像回波方位向和距离向严重耦合、弹载SAR平台实时性要求高的特点,提出了一种基于频谱分析的扩展SAR成像算法。首先,以初始距离相同的目标作为成像处理对象,建立了横向机动下弹载SAR成像模型,分析了回波相位和瞬时距离的泰勒展开;然后,采用包含水平面速度和偏航加速度参数的相位因子依次进行距离徙动校正、二次相位补偿和多普勒中心频率补偿,实现了SAR图像的精确聚焦。该算法处理流程简单、实时性高,适合横向机动弹道下的中等分辨率的大斜视成像,给出了算法流程,仿真验证了算法有效性。