同时地形高程测量和地面运动目标检测的分布式InSAR最优编队构形

分布式小卫星干涉SAR为了同时获得时间基线(用于地面运动目标检测)和空间基线(用于地形高程测量),采取空间立体编队构形(即非沿航向直线编队),然而这种混合基线的情况会导致地面运动目标与地形杂波存在相位耦合,而且只靠信号处理方法很难分离,这对于检测地面运动目标极为不利。提出几种最优编队构形,在保证获得两种干涉基线的同时,通过对消两对干涉SAR图像来抑制掉固定杂波,从而可以检测地面运动目标,这种方法具有处理简单和性能较好等优点。最后给出了仿真结果。     

Synergistic use of multitemporal RAMP,ICESat and GPS to construct an accurate DEM of the Larsemann Hills region,Antarctica

An enhanced digital elevation model (DEM) of the Larsemann Hills region, east Antarctica, is constructed synergistically by using highly accurate ground-based GPS measurements, satellite-derived laser altimetry (GLAS/ICESat) and Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMPv2) DEM-based point elevation dataset. Our DEM has a vertical accuracy of about 1.5 times better than RAMPv2 DEM and seven times better than GLAS/ICESAT-based DEM. The accuracy is improved by validating the RAMPv2 DEM elevation by supplementing with GLAS/ICESat and DGPS survey data, when compared to that of DEM constructed by using GLAS/ICESat or RAMPv2 alone. With the use of accurate GPS data as ground control points reference elevations, the DEM extracted is much more accurate with least mean RMSE of 34.5 m than that constructed by using a combination of GLAS/ICESat and RAMPv2 as true reference. The newly constructed DEM 7 achieves highest accuracy with the least average elevation difference of 0.27 m calculated using 46 ground reference points. Available DEMs of Antarctic region generated by using radar altimetry and the Antarctic Digital Database indicate elevation variations in the range of 50–100 m, which necessitates the generation of local DEM and its validation by using ground truth. This is our first attempt of fusing multi-temporal, multi-sensor and multi-source elevation data to generate a DEM of any part of Antarctica, in order to address the ice elevation change to infer the ice mass balance. Our approach focuses on the strengths of each elevation data source to produce an accurate DEM.     

星载编队飞行InSAR地形图生成方法研究

研究了星载编队飞行InSAR的空间几何关系及特点,给出了编队飞行InSAR的回波信号模型和高度计算公式,给出了相位与地形图高度的换算方法。对于InSAR系统特有的迎坡缩短等现象给出了有效的斜距地距变换方法,提出了几何作图实现方法和编程实现方法。根据真实地貌,分三种情况讨论了几何作图与编程实现。在仿真实验中,设置了圆锥体地面场景验证算法,校正后的图形能够反映地面真实场景。     

着陆作用下月尘激扬的三维离散元分析

基于模拟月尘的细观颗粒形状,采用刚性圆球单元重叠法建立了4种典型不规则模拟月尘颗粒的三维几何模型.根据月尘所处环境和颗粒间接触特性,建立了月尘离散元接触力学模型.通过三轴压缩实验离散元模拟的结果和模拟月尘的实际三轴压缩实验数据的对比,确定模拟月尘颗粒的三维离散元模型参数.采用建立的模型和获得的参数,进行了圆盘模拟体着陆...     

Optimal multi-site selection for a PV-based lunar settlement based on a novel method to estimate sun illumination profiles

Recently, space organizations have considered the Moon to host lunar bases. Such bases require power and energy to function. However, the efficient and safe use of the energy resources on the Moon is a huge challenge. Space photovoltaic (PV) power systems are appealing technologies due to their maturity and high solar energy availability at some locations on the Moon. The effectiveness of these PV systems depends on their selenographic location, which might necessitate the deployment of energy storage technologies to cover the base’s energy demand. Some analysts have proposed the installation of PV modules on kilometers-tall towers near the lunar poles to harvest more solar energy and limit the need for energy storage systems (ESSs). Alternatively, this paper proposes to harvest the energy from multiple sites in the lunar South Pole region using a novel technique to compute the Sun illumination profile and the LOLA topographic databases to compute the terrain elevations. The proposed algorithm seeks the most optimal configuration of sites and tower heights to minimize the longest night period and total distance between the sites. This study assesses groups of 1 to 6 sites assuming the use of towers having heights of 10, 100, and 500 [m]. The time horizon for the analysis is one Axial Precession Cycle, which is approximately 18.6 years. According to the results, a system of two sites with a separation of 42.05 [km] and towers of 500 [m] height has a maximum darkness period of only 3 [h] while another solution proposes a system of three sites with towers of 10 [m] that removes the need of EES (solar eclipse periods by the Earth are not considered). The proposed technique is suitable for engineering applications, such as base planning and operation management.     

一种敏捷卫星积分时间计算方法

敏捷卫星成像过程中姿态变化灵活,积分时间变化剧烈,传统卫星积分时间计算模型已无法满足精度要求。因此,提出一种改进的积分时间计算模型,在星地斜距计算和摄影点地速计算两方面作了改进。星地斜距计算时利用地表数字高程模型修正理论的斜距值,摄影点地速计算中增加姿态角速度对卫星本体坐标系角速度矢量的影响,并设计了整个算法在星上数管分系统中的实现方案。最后在星载嵌入式环境下进行了仿真计算,并与地面仿真计算结果进行了比对分析。两者比对偏差在0.01‰以内,可以满足相机成像质量要求。     

探讨反舰导弹突防编队防御阵的航路规划

针对舰群编队强大的反导能力,建立描述反舰导弹威胁源的广义数字高程模型,探讨以提高生存力和突防能力为目标的航路规划对策。     

嫦娥一号卫星的近期科学探测成果

嫦娥一号月球探测卫星采用CCD相机和激光高度计,对月球表面参数特征进行了测量,获得了覆盖完整、分辨率高的全月球数字高程模型（DEM）。基于数字高程模型,可以鉴别中尺度的月球表面的地质地貌、盆地和火山等。这些新的研究成果将有益于对月球地质演化的深入研究。     

战场环境仿真中的三维地形生成技术研究

在虚拟战场环境的建模技术研究中主要应解决三维地形的生成问题。本文利用Multigen Creator软件来实现三维地形的生成;重点介绍了Creator软件地形转换的四种算法;讨论了在Creator软件中生成地形的过程,并以一个实例为研究区域,建立了一种直观性的、真实性的三维地形。     

虚拟战场地形重构技术研究

在虚拟战场的大地形的建模中,因地形数据过大和计算机技术所限,一直没有很好的解决方案满足军事视景仿真系统的需要。文中根据战场环境地形建模的实际需求,提出了数据对称拟合的算法,可以有效地简化地形DEM数据,解决地形数据过大的问题,同时提出了基于双三次B-样条的地形重构算法,根据地形区域关注程度不同,而采用不同的地形分辨率,对地形进行细化重构,可有效地降低计算机的负荷。实践结果表明,满足了大规模虚拟战场环境三维地形视景仿真的需要。