使用PC机串行口与下位单片机串行通信的方法

本文详细介绍了使用PC机串行口与下位单位机串行通信的方法及其具体使用，对实际应用有较强的指导作用。     

使用信息矩阵滤波的跟踪融合的性能评估

在多传感器环境下，每个传感器探测多个目标，接着产生相应的跟踪。这些跟踪可能互不相同，经过融合后，传感器生成有关目标的更精确的运动信息和属性信息。目前已有两种方法可以达到上述目的，一种是测量值融合法，一种是状态矢量融合法。众所周知，测量值融合计算法通常最优，但计算费时，而状态矢量融合算法计算省力却是次优。之所以如此，是因为从两个传感器中获得的待融合状态级估值，由于通常存在被跟踪目标的过程噪声，通常并非条件独立。值得注意的是，状态矢量融合已有三种计算法：加权协方差法、信息矩阵法和伪测量法。本文仅限于讨论状态矢量融合中信息矩阵形式的性能评估。利用信息矩阵计算法已经推导出稳态融合协方差的闭式分析解并作为一种性能的度量方法。注意，推导出的结果基于两个传感器同步工作且没有误关联的假设，或是在研究时考虑了融合测量值。并且我们将推导出的结果用蒙特卡罗仿真进行了比较，过去曾有许多作者利用蒙特卡罗仿真来预测融合系统的性能。这些结果有助于更加深入地了解跟踪融合的作用原理，并大大简化了对融合性能的评估。此外，有了这样的解，简化了对各种不同工作条件下设计融合系统的折衷研究。     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

Research priorities and plans for the International Space Station-results of the 'REMAP' Task Force

Recent events in the International Space Station (ISS) Program have resulted in the necessity to re-examine the research priorities and research plans for future years. Due to both technical and fiscal resource constraints expected on the International Space Station, it is imperative that research priorities be carefully reviewed and clearly articulated. In consultation with OSTP and the Office of Management and budget (OMB), NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research (OBPR) assembled an ad-hoc external advisory committee, the Biological and Physical Research Maximization and Prioritization (REMAP) Task Force. This paper describes the outcome of the Task Force and how it is being used to define a roadmap for near and long-term Biological and Physical Research objectives that supports NASA's Vision and Mission. Additionally, the paper discusses further prioritizations that were necessitated by budget and ISS resource constraints in order to maximize utilization of the International Space Station. Finally, a process has been developed to integrate the requirements for this prioritized research with other agency requirements to develop an integrated ISS assembly and utilization plan that maximizes scientific output.     

航天飞机用的液体火箭助推器

用液体火箭发动机作为航天飞机助推器的设想虽然很早有人提出过,但被人们搁置了达20年之久.美国肮天局早期的结论认为液体火箭发动机不能承受海水浸渍.但自从“挑战者”号航天飞机固体助推器发生故障而导致灾难性事故之后,美国航天局又重新对液体助推器方案进行了考查,以了解这种方案能否对安全飞行有所改善,以及能否增加有效载荷.这段时间美国肮天局及其承包公司进行了论证,发现液体助推器有不少好处,例如一旦出现故障,实现中止飞行的可信度较高;可增加有效载荷,对低地球轨道