超新星与宇宙年龄

超新星与宇宙年龄〔美〕Ｒ．柯施纳○云立中译超新星１９８７Ａ使我们测量宇宙距离的能力受到意料之外的、严格的检验。遥远的恒星和星系看来正远离地球而去，还在分担自宇宙大爆炸开始的宇宙膨胀。如果我们能够测量到一个正在缩小的星系的距离，那么把这个数据与这个星系...     

怎样写好学术论文

首先阐明学术论文的重要性和它的作用，接着主要阐明纲要拟制和反复修改是撰写论文的主要工作；介绍怎样拟制纲要；详细列出纲要所包含的内容及拟制中的要点。作者没有就论文的全文撰写作专门的阐述，只是在拟制纲要的阐述中点拔一二。最后作者提出可从三类参考文献中得到拟定论文的启发。     

运用进化算法优化中等PRF雷达的脉冲重复频率

本文运用进化算法选择最佳脉冲重复频率（PRF）组，在中PRF雷达的模型中使距离-多普勒盲区最小。介绍了8个和9个PRF的两个方案，该算法能确保得到的所有结果是完全可解码的并且没有盲速。我们考虑了旁瓣杂波的详细影响以及在以中等PRF模式运行的实际机载火控雷达中影响雷达PRF选择的多个技术因素。     

用薄板等积变换方法制造起伏构造的工艺问题研究(英文)

研究了用于夹层壁板的新型轻质芯材的制造问题。该种芯材是一种可改变平面方向的褶皱构造。采用薄板等积变换通过局部弯曲而不拉伸材料的方法制造该种芯材已成为可能。其主要难点在于 ,必须实现沿复杂的展开图上所有的画线同时弯曲。现借助于成形过程中使原来的构形组件变形解决其造型问题。本文提出的工艺方法可用于不同材料的深度起伏构造制造 ,如金属薄板和纸等。     

具有实时图像形成能力的高分辨率、四波段SAR试验台

描述了在Sandia国家实验室研制的双水獭SAR试验台。该试验台很灵活、适应性强，能工作于四种频：Ka、Ku和VHF／UHF频带。这种SAR的特点是在聚束模式和条带测绘模式下具有高分辨实时图像形成能力。高质量的图像是采用重叠子孔径（OSA）图像形成算法和相位梯度自聚然（PGA）算法实时形成的。     

用于大型固体推进剂火箭发动机的独特点火系统试验

本文介绍了用于大型固体推进剂火箭发动机的组合式无喷管、无壳体点火器方案的设计、分析及试验结果。该点火方案的主要优点是可以把60%左右的点火器消极重量变成药柱有效载荷。点火系统的主装药由点火器周围的发动机前段装药所构成。这段装药又是发动机推进剂药柱的一部分,设计成象一个小的低压无喷管火箭发动机,给主发动机推进剂段提供足够的压力和热流输出以实现发动机点火。前段推进剂的点火由一个比较小的径向排气的BKNO_3烟火剂药片点火器来实现。试验计划需验证三个方面的设计问题:     

Mineralogical biosignatures and the search for life on Mars

If life ever existed, or still exists, on Mars, its record is likely to be found in minerals formed by, or in association with, microorganisms. An important concept regarding interpretation of the mineralogical record for evidence of life is that, broadly defined, life perturbs disequilibria that arise due to kinetic barriers and can impart unexpected structure to an abiotic system. Many features of minerals and mineral assemblages may serve as biosignatures even if life does not have a familiar terrestrial chemical basis. Biological impacts on minerals and mineral assemblages may be direct or indirect. Crystalline or amorphous biominerals, an important category of mineralogical biosignatures, precipitate under direct cellular control as part of the life cycle of the organism (shells, tests, phytoliths) or indirectly when cell surface layers provide sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Biominerals also form indirectly as by-products of metabolism due to changing mineral solubility. Mineralogical biosignatures include distinctive mineral surface structures or chemistry that arise when dissolution and/or crystal growth kinetics are influenced by metabolic by-products. Mineral assemblages themselves may be diagnostic of the prior activity of organisms where barriers to precipitation or dissolution of specific phases have been overcome. Critical to resolving the question of whether life exists, or existed, on Mars is knowing how to distinguish biologically induced structure and organization patterns from inorganic phenomena and inorganic self-organization. This task assumes special significance when it is acknowledged that the majority of, and perhaps the only, material to be returned from Mars will be mineralogical.     

ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.     

纹波电流对消电路

纹波电流对消技术将等于或相反的正常变换器纹波电流的AC电流注入变换器输出电压母线。理想的输出纹波电流为零，结果能产生超低噪声变换器输出电压。电路几乎不需要其他元件，也不需要有源电路。只需附加一个滤波感应绕组、一个辅助电感器和一个小电容器。电路把改进型滤波电感器的泄漏电感用作全部或一部分所要求的辅助电感。纹波对消与转换频率、占空比和其他变换器参数无关。电路消除了连续传导模式和断续传导模式时的纹波电流。试验结果表明，纹波电流值降低了80X以上。