Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

宽带高集成多级射频互连技术

针对微波电路三维集成结构的迫切需求,开展宽带高集成多级射频互连技术研究。主要设计了两种电路结构,多级水平互连电路与多级垂直互连电路。多级水平互连电路中,通过优化同轴-微带线的水平过渡以及倒角过渡方式,得到在DC～30GHz内的仿真结果,回波损耗优于21dB,插入损耗优于0.16dB;多级垂直互连电路中,通过优化BGA板间互连结构,得到在DC～30GHz内的仿真结果,信号的回波损耗优于13dB,插入损耗优于0.57dB。在小型化、高集成的需求下,宽带高集成多级射频互连技术是解决宽带射频信号传输问题的关键技术路径,可以广泛应用在微波电路三维集成结构中,具有重大的应用前景。     

SSPS-OMEGA超大型球形聚光器结构拓扑构型与设计

为同时兼顾千米量级尺度空间太阳能电站聚光系统的在轨发射安装难度、光学收集效率、稳定性及结构工艺等多方面的因素，提出采用基于球面正多面体的经纬线划分法模块化构建球形聚光器。该方法不仅可实现基础划分单元分布均匀、规格种类少，降低在轨构建与运载发射难度。而且只要合理控制弧高等分数和基础划分单元的口径就可以同时保证聚光系统的光学收集效率。理论与仿真结果显示，当弧高等分数为24时，该划分法共有25种基础单元件，整个球面被分成5762块。并且此时模块化构建的实际球形聚光器的光学收集效率与理想球面相比基本保持不变，解决了太阳能电站聚光系统设计中存在的关键问题。     

A New D-GCL for Unidirectional Motion with Large Displacement

Numerical simulations of unsteady flow problems with moving boundaries commonly require the use of geometric conservation law(GCL).However,in cases of unidirectional large mesh deformation,the cumulative error caused by the discrete procedure in GCL can significantly increase,and a direct consequence is that the calculated cell volume may become negative.To control the cumulative error,a new discrete GCL(D-GCL)is proposed.Unlike the original D-GCL,the proposed method uses the control volume analytically evaluated according to the grid motion at the time level n,instead of using the calculated value from the D-GCL itself.Error analysis indicates that the truncation error of the numerical scheme is guaranteed to be the same order as that obtained from the original D-GCL,while the accumulated error is greatly reduced.For validation,two challenging large deformation cases including a rotating circular cylinder case and a descending GAW-(1)two-element airfoil case are selected to be investigated.Good agreements are found between the calculated results and some other literature data,demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed D-GCL for unidirectional motions with large displacements.     

基于子阵级非周期的有限扫描阵列研究

对基于子阵级非周期的有限扫描阵列进行研究,采用数值仿真和遗传算法对基于不同子阵规模的非周期阵列进行优化设计,分析4?4和2?2两种子阵规模对接收多波束应用中伴随波束方向图的影响,研究表明子阵规模过大会引起伴随波束方向图的旁瓣抬升,通过减小子阵规模可以避免该问题,论证了设计的基于2?2子阵的非周期八角阵可应用于有限视场扫描相控阵中。     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

航空器遭遇严重积冰天气分析

利用常规天气资料、NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°再分析资料对2012年3月19日发生在北疆沿天山地区强降水过程造成航空器严重积冰的天气进行了分析。结果表明:(1)500 h Pa西南急流和400 h Pa以上偏西急流的存在,配合中低空冷空气的补充,为积冰天气的形成提供了适宜的条件。(2)乌鲁木齐上空高湿层随时间逐渐下降,对应的温度、温度露点差向适宜积冰的区域变化,为强积冰天气提供了有利的温湿条件。(3)强积冰区存在一个弱的、持续性的垂直上升运动,垂直运动导致液态水聚集带形成,弱上升运动区对应发生强积冰合适的温湿高度层。(4)19日14时~20日02时,石河子到乌鲁木齐区域积冰指数是一个迅速增大的过程,强积冰区由石河子经呼图壁向乌鲁木齐蔓延,积冰高度随时间下降。     

含氟固体憎水剂的制备及其膜层性能

以有机硅氧烷为基料，通过添加羟基氟硅油等成分，制备了一种含氟固体憎水剂.将所制备的固体憎水剂按不同浓度用乙醇溶解后分别涂覆于A3钢材料表面，均获得了厚度小于1 μm的透明憎水膜层.研究了这些膜层的憎水性和耐腐蚀性能，结果表明，憎水剂的浓度对膜层的憎水性、憎水稳定性及耐腐蚀性等都有影响；氟的添加可有效提高膜层的憎水性能，接触角提高约20°左右，膜层的耐腐蚀性能也得到显著提高.     

Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectory for asteroid deflection missions

Asteroid deflection techniques are essential in order to protect the Earth from catastrophic impacts by hazardous asteroids. Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories is considered as one of the key technologies to successfully deflect potentially hazardous asteroids. In this paper, we address a general framework for the rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories for future asteroid deflection missions. The design and optimization process includes three closely associated steps. Firstly, shape-based approaches and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted to perform preliminary design, which provides a reasonable initial guess for subsequent accurate optimization. Secondly, Radau pseudospectral method is utilized to transcribe the low-thrust trajectory optimization problem into a discrete nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to efficiently solve the nonlinear programming problem and obtain the optimal low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories. The rapid design and optimization algorithms developed in this paper are validated by three simulation cases with different performance indexes and boundary constraints.     

某型飞机后边条焊接盒段优化研究

某型飞机后边条焊接盒段是用于安装平尾的重要受力构件,由材料为30CrMnSiA的板弯件、机加件及加强筋焊接组合而成。由于盒段焊缝数量多、零件壁厚薄,故在组合焊接时容易出现焊接变形、变形后校形困难等问题,使焊缝质量难以保证。本文对焊接盒段结构方案进行了优化研究,在最终选定的结构优化方案中,其盒段壁板为整体机加成型,大量采用机械连接,焊缝数量少,焊接形式简单,缩短了盒段的焊接周期,改善了焊接盒段生产的工艺性,满足了该型号飞机的批产要求。