Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

多等级区域侦察弹性星座设计方法

针对传统侦察星座目标单一、弹性低的问题，提出了多等级区域侦察弹性星座的设计方法。该方法将星座设计过程按区域等级信息分为多个子星座逐步设计，直到整体星座对所有的区域性能满足设计要求。以区域被划分为3个等级为例，首先对星座设计需求、设计指标及设计步骤进行了分析。其次推导了地面最低分辨率和轨道高度的关系并确定了不同子星座的轨道高度。最后考虑轨道倾角、一箭多星发射、光照和升交点漂移同步约束，构建基础星座、子星座1和子星座2的优化模型。最终设计星座为3层混合星座，共8个轨道面和70颗卫星，星座对各等级区域的最大重访时间分别为10937s，12241s和17437s，弹性指数为2213%，2420%和6361%。结果表明该方法设计的星座可实现对区域覆盖和弹性分级的设计要求，证明了方法的有效性。对比Walker星座设计方法，在同等设计要求下，Walker星座所需卫星数为156颗，多等级区域侦察弹性星座所需卫星数远低于Walker星座，结果进一步证明了该星座设计方法的优越性。     

Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题，从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究，分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中，将卫星存储容量作为约束条件，结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件，提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法；通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计；在弹性评估模型中，提出了星座性能损失率指标，并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中，结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低，弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣，为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。     

The propagation features of LF radio waves at topside ionosphere and their variations possibly related to Wenchuan earthquake in 2008

The artificial low frequency (LF) signals recorded at topside ionosphere from DEMETER satellite were analyzed in this paper, and the typical diurnal and seasonal variations were illustrated around 162?kHz in electric field spectra. The larger power spectrum density (PSD) values in electric field at local nighttime and in winter season all demonstrate the correlation feature of lower plasma content to higher penetration of LF waves into ionosphere. Around Wenchuan earthquake, the comparison of signal-noise-ratio (SNR) values in electric field with each half month during January to May in 2008 and the same half month in May from 2005 to 2007 revealed their lowest values and small covering area around the preparation region of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Combined with other researches in VLF radio waves and geochemical observations from satellite, the interaction of ion accumulation and upward movement from gas-water release at surface might be a key factor to disturb the ionospheric plasma density, and then possibly leading to the decrease of low energy penetration of LF radio waves from the artificial transmitted source at ground.     

基于变马赫数的五孔探针三维插值方法

探讨了五孔探针气动数据的插值方法,为提高插值精度,开发了基于传统线性插值法的三维线性插值法。该方法把同一探针在不同马赫数下的校准图形成三维数据库,将实验数据通过三维图进行插值。并使用改进前后的两种插值方法分别对校准风洞测得的数据进行整理,对比结果证明:在实验工况连续变化的情况下,三维线性插值法在插值精度上要优于传统线性插值法。特别是在来流马赫数变化较大时,该方法可以改善单一校准文件处理造成的数据精度问题,可用于自动化流场采集系统,为流场高速高精度采集奠定基础。     

基于工程教育专业认证背景下地方特色院校“金课”建设的研究与探索

"金课"作为一项新提出不久的概念,许多重点院校和地方特色院校已经着手打造了一部分精品课程,主要是一些开放性课程和文法类课程,原因是这一类课程思维发散,教学手段多样,可以运用现代化信息技术手段采取线上线下教学模式。但是教育部推出的"金课"建设不单单只是针对于这些类课程,对于工科专业的课程建设,也需要打造"金课",尤其是以工程教育专业认证的标准和理念打造地方特色院校"金课",是我们这些地方特色工科院校需要重点研究和探索的。本文的研究重点在于如何把工程教育专业认证的理念与课程建设有机融合体现工科"金课"的"四性"。     

基于卷积门控循环网络的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对许多基于深度学习的滚动轴承故障诊断方法在小样本数据集下诊断性能下降的问题,提出一种基于卷积门控循环神经网络的轴承故障诊断模型。该模型使用两层的卷积网络来从输入信号中提取特征,同时使用tanh函数作为激活函数,且池化层使用大池化核来进行重叠下采样。将所提取得到的高层特征连接到双向门控循环网络。合并循环网络正向和逆向的最后一个状态,并连接一层全连接层进行输出。选用凯斯西储大学的轴承故障数据集来验证模型在小样本数据集下的诊断性能,实验结果表明,相比于其他类型的模型,该模型在仅有20个训练样本的情况下依然保持97%的识别准确率。