防风网对煤堆遮风效果的风洞实验研究

为了考察防风网对堆场煤堆的遮风效果,进行了防风网与煤堆之间区域的流场可视化实验。使用风洞模拟大气边界层条件,并将开孔率为38.5%的防风网模型布置在煤堆模型前方。实验中采用粒子成像测速(PIV)系统测量了防风网和堆场区域的平均风速分布,并且获得了煤堆表面的摩擦风速分布,进一步估算煤堆起尘量的变化情况。实验发现,防风网可有效降低煤堆表面迎风区域的摩擦风速,而对背风面的流场分布影响较小。研究结果可为防风网的遮护作用提供一定的实验支持。     

缩比发动机喷嘴热喷流噪声试验

为深入了解涡扇发动机喷流噪声特性,验证喷流噪声降噪方法,建立发动机喷流噪声数据库,在法国国家航天航空研究中心的CEPRA19声学风洞开展了缩比发动机喷嘴热喷流噪声试验测试工作。针对发动机热喷流模拟系统,设计加工了面积比（外涵喷嘴面积与内涵喷嘴面积之比）为5和7的两种喷嘴构型试验模型。通过减小高温区域单个零件长度尺寸和零件壁厚的方法,降低热膨胀对模型尺寸的影响。在声学风洞中完成了不同工况条件下两种面积比圆形喷嘴和锯齿形喷嘴的远场噪声特性测试。通过对远场测量噪声频谱进行分析,发现随着来流速度的增大喷流噪声会减小,采用锯齿形喷嘴设计在中低频喷流噪声水平降低,在高频噪声水平有所增加。     

A Dual-driven Intelligent Combination Control of Heat Pipe Space Cooling System

Effective thermal control systems are essential for reliable operation of spacecraft.A dual-driven intelligent combination control strategy is proposed to improve the temperate control and heat flux tracking effects.Both temperature regulation and heat flux tracking errors are employed to generate the final control action;their contributions are adaptively adjusted by a fuzzy fusing policy of control actions.To evaluate the control effects,describe a four-nodal mathematical model for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the controlled heat pipe space cooling system(HP-SCS) consisting of an aluminum-ammonia heat pipe and a variable-emittance micro-electromechanical-system(MEMS) radiator.This dynamical model calculates the mass flow-rate and condensing pressure of the heat pipe working fluid directly from the systemic nodal temperatures,therefore,it is more suitable for control engineering applications.The closed-loop transient performances of four different control schemes have been numerically investigated.The results conclude that the proposed intelligent combination control scheme not only improves the thermal control effects but also benefits the safe operation of HP-SCS.     

高超声速飞行器推进模块的设计参数分析

通过斜激波理论、准一维工程估算和特征线方法建立了一个与飞行器机体一体化的推进系统模块的气动分析模型,其中采用参考温度法估算模块的粘性效应。在此基础上分别研究了飞行器前体长度、前缘角及推进模块宽度等关键设计参数对推进模块气动性能的影响。结果表明:增大模块前体长度将使模块的升力、净推力和比冲先增后降;增加前缘角将增加升力,但降低净推力;增加模块宽度会导致等效升力下降。因此,在设计此类高超声速巡航飞行器时,应采用模块化的推进系统并折衷选择前体长度和前缘角的大小。      

再生型木塑复合材料的研究

为了充分利用城市固体废弃物中的各项资源,本项工作将固体废弃物中的高密度聚乙烯(H igh dens itypo lyethy lene,HDPE)回收后与废弃的木纤维进行复合,成功地制备出再生型木塑复合材料。研究了木纤维长度、含量以及相容剂对木塑复合材料热性能和力学性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的冲击断口形貌,分析了此类复合材料的断裂机制。结果表明:木纤维的加入使HDPE的结晶温度降低,结晶速度减慢;相容剂的加入大大改善了木纤维与基体树脂之间的界面结合。随着木纤维含量的增加,木塑复合材料的弯曲强度升高,冲击强度下降。     

Analysis of the current density characteristics in through-mask electrochemical micromachining (TMEMM) for fabrication of micro-hole arrays on invar alloy film

Invar alloy consisting of 64% iron and 36% nickel has been widely used for the production of shadow masks for organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs) because of its low thermal expansion coefficient(1.86 ? 10à6cm/°C).To fabricate micro-hole arrays on 30 lm invar alloy film,through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM) was developed and combined with a portion of the photolithography etching process.For precise hole shapes,patterned photoresist(PR) film was applied as an insulating mask.To investigate the relationship between the current density and the material removal rate,the principle of the electrochemical machining was studied with a focus on the equation.The finite element method(FEM) was used to verify the influence of each parameter on the current density on the invar alloy film surface.The parameters considered were the thickness of the PR mask,inter-electrode gap(IEG),and electrolyte concentration.Design of experiments(DOE) was used to figure out the contribution of each parameter.A simulation was conducted with varying parameters to figure out their relationships with the current density.Optimization was conducted to select the suitable conditions.An experiment was carried out to verify the simulation results.It was possible to fabricate micro-hole arrays on invar alloy film using TMEMM,which is a promising method that can be applied to fabrications of OLEDs shadow masks.     

Efficient multi-response adaptive sampling algorithm for construction of variable-fidelity aerodynamic tables

Adaptive sampling is an iterative process for the construction of a global approximation model. Most of engineering analysis tools computes multiple parameters in a single run. This research proposes a novel multi-response adaptive sampling algorithm for simultaneous construction of multiple surrogate models in a time-efficient and accurate manner. The new algorithm uses the Jackknife cross-validation variance and a minimum distance metric to construct a sampling criterion function. A weighted sum of the function is used to consider the characteristics of multiple surrogate models. The proposed algorithm demonstrates good performance on total 22 numerical problems in comparison with three existing adaptive sampling algorithms. The numerical problems include several two-dimensional and six-dimensional functions which are combined into singleresponse and multi-response systems. Application of the proposed algorithm for construction of aerodynamic tables for 2 D airfoil is demonstrated. Scaling-based variable-fidelity modeling is implemented to enhance the accuracy of surrogate modeling. The algorithm succeeds in constructing a system of three highly nonlinear aerodynamic response surfaces within a reasonable amount of time while preserving high accuracy of approximation.     

边界层内WENO格式特征重构精度的理论分析

WENO格式因其高精度以及良好的激波捕捉能力而被广泛地用于可压缩湍流的数值模拟过程中。为了在有强间断的流场中仍然能保证数值稳定，通常将流动物理量投影到特征空间后再进行WENO重构。然而这种特征重构方法在边界层内的精度问题仍需要进一步分析与研究。通过可压缩边界层自相似解构造平板边界层内法向的流动参数，并在该方向上进行WENO重构，得到求解半点数值通量的WENO非线性权重。通过分析实际得到的权重与理想权重的偏差大小发现在边界层流动中特征重构的精度明显低于分量重构。为了更深入地分析特征重构精度降低的原因，通过对曲线坐标系下的流动方程进行理论分析，推导得到特征重构时的特征变量形式。根据特征变量表达式以及自相似解中权重误差分布发现引起特征重构精度降低的主要原因是特征投影过程在半点处出现了额外的极值点，同时这种因特征投影过程而产生极值的特性将不会随着左右特征矩阵的不同选取而发生改变。进一步地，基于理论分析的普适性，对于任何光滑流场，只要使用特征重构的投影过程，都会在半点处产生极值从而使得WENO系列格式产生精度降低的现象。     

高速高温流场电子能非平衡的数值模拟

采用描述电子能非平衡的三温度模型,结合11组分空气的化学反应模型,对多种高速高温热化学非平衡流场开展数值模拟,并与描述电子能平衡的两温度模型结果进行对比,研究电子能非平衡对高超声速流场特性的影响。圆球弹道靶试验算例表明电子能非平衡不影响激波脱体距离。RAM-C II飞行器的4个飞行工况算例表明,尽管两温度和三温度模型结果存在差异,但二者电子数密度分布的趋势和量级接近,均可与飞行试验数据保持一致,其中三温度模型的预测效果更好。FIRE II飞行器极高温流场模拟结果显示,电子能非平衡几乎不影响飞行器表面的对流传热。     

横截面形状对超声速磁流体发生器性能的影响

通过三维数值模拟研究了不同横截面形状的磁流体(MHD)发生器的热、电磁流动特性,发生器入口采用超声速来流条件,旨在应用于磁流体旁路超燃冲压发动机推进系统。数值模拟采用低磁雷诺数下磁流体五方程模型,通过熵条件格式和超松弛迭代(SOR)法联合算法分别求解Navier-Stokes方程组和电势方程。研究表明在电极壁面上电场、电流以及洛伦兹力等电磁场参数呈周期性变化,由于电极端点效应,电磁场参数在电极端点出现周期性的极值,而在管道中心电极端点效应对电流影响并不大,沿着流向电流保持连续变化。对不同管道横截面形状的发生器的数值模拟表明:由于涡电流和二次流效应的影响,形状参数较小的发生器焦耳热较为严重,二次流较弱;而形状参数较大的发生器焦耳热较小,二次流增强。因此,当形状参数α=0.8时可获得较好的焓提取率和电效率。